问题 论述题

就业是民生之本,党和政府高度重视就业工作。阅读下列材料,并回答问题。

表 2001-2010年度市场职业供求总体变化(岗位空缺与求职人数的比率)

年份2001200220032004200520062007200820092010
比率0.710.790.880.930.960.960.980.950.911.01
图 2001-2010年度三大产业劳动力需求比重变化

材料一 近几年,沿海一些省份出现企业“用工荒”困境,并呈现出向全国蔓延的趋势。在一些用人单位,技工、销售代表、置业顾问等职位一员难求。但另一方面,大型国企和机关事业单位招考又异常火爆。“用工难”和“就业难”同时并存。

材料二 社会主义市场经济体制建立以来,单位用工自主权和劳动者自主择业权逐步落实,以双向选择、自主协商、订立劳动合同作为确立劳动关系的基本方式,增强了人力资源市场的活力和效率。同时,政府逐步改革社会保障制度、户籍制度、高校毕业生分配制度,多渠道提供就业岗位,加大职业技能培训和人力资源开发力度,劳动就业的政策环境与社会环境日益完善。

(1)概括表和图所反映的经济现象。(7分)

(2)针对材料一反映的问题,请从劳动者的角度提出解决的建议。(12分)

(3)结合材料一、二,运用政府职能的知识,说明政府在完善就业市场中的作用。(9分)

答案

(1)① 表格表明,2001年以来,劳动力市场上求职总需求略大于岗位总供给,劳动力需求的增长速度高于求职人数的增长,尽管受到金融危机影响2008年-2009年间有所回落, 但2010年后明显回升。(3分)② 图表明,我国的劳动力需求以二三产业特别是第三产业为主,但第三产业有所下降,第二产业增长迅速。(3分)③随着产业结构的优化,特别是工业化进程的加快而形成的制造业的迅猛发展,是维持我国就业供求基本稳定的重要因素。(1分)

(2)①劳动者要树立自主择业和竞争就业观,根据个人兴趣和专长,适应劳动力市场的结构及其供求变化,寻找合适的岗位。(3分)②劳动者要树立职业平等观,避免一窝蜂挤独木桥导致人为的就业紧张。(3分)

③劳动者还可以充分发挥主观能动性,实现自主创业。(3分)

(3)①政府履行了经济建设职能,做好经济调节、市场监管、社会管理、公共服务,释放了市场解决就业的活力。(3分)

②政府履行了社会公共服务的职能。通过完善市场就业机制,扩大了就业规模。(3分)

③政府努力转变职能,通过改革制度和政策,充分尊重和发挥劳动力市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。(3分)

试题解析:第一问是图表题,考核学生获取和解读信息、调动和运用知识、描述和阐释事物的能力。解读图表题要全面把握图表的组成:表头是主题,揭示图表的中心意思;表中的项目指出图表有哪些内容;注也是图表的重要组成部分,它是对图表内容的进一步说明。所以,考生在解答图表反映的信息、现象时时,一定要做到完整解读信息和正确解读信息。第二小问是建议类试题,考生解决好此类题目的关键是正确解读第一问中反映的问题。同时要注意主体限定是是从劳动者的角度,因此考生可以从树立正确的就业观念,提高自身素质,发扬艰苦奋斗精神等方面来提出针对性的措施。第三问从政府职能的角度完善就业市场。政府组织社会主义经济建设,提供社会公共服务职能,提高服务水平等角度完善我们的就业市场。

单项选择题
完形填空
I've always loved pigeons(鸽子). Some years ago I managed to persuade my wife to let me buy a few and start   16  them myself. They cost a lot of money and so it spoilt(破坏) our 17 a bit, but my wife never actually stopped me so I  18  carried on. I learnt so much about them that I could  19 a good racer anywhere and I bought some beauties. My pigeons won some top races, and I even began to make a bit of   20 .
You see, people are prepared to pay big prices if they get to know that your pigeons are 21 big prizes.
My wife had been changing her  22  to the pigeons over the last year or two anyway. She was quite   23  of all the prizes we’d won. Then there was the travelling, which she liked. You see some one has to take the pigeons a  24  way off and set them free. Some of the   25  were really nice. I never travelled. I used to like to wait at home and see them come in. They’ve got this wonderful sense of  26 , which can bring them back home so quickly. They’d flown hundreds of miles sometimes   27  storms or against strong winds. And there they’d come, tiny white birds against the great   28 . Then I'd watch them  29  round and come down onto the landing shelf. I'd look at my watch and think, “My goodness, that’s a good  30 . ”And I'd take off the little leg ring and push it through the machine to  31  what time he’d arrived. Then my wife would  32 up and say, “Has he arrived yet?” Then we would work out if we’d won   33 .
Then last year we had a   34 ! All of them got some sort of flu and  35 . It was terrible. I had to burn them all. We lost a fortune, of course.
小题1:
A.racingB.feedingC.tendingD.flying
小题2:
A.dreamB.workC.marriageD.hobby
小题3:
A.justB.evenC.almostD.hardly
小题4:
A.noticeB.learnC.imagineD.recognize
小题5:
A.livingB.funC.moneyD.change
小题6:
A.losingB.winningC.givingD.making
小题7:
A.subject B.decisionC.relationD.attitude
小题8:
A.proudB.fondC.carefulD.sure
小题9:
A.differentB.1ongC.shortD.far
小题10:
A.distancesB.activitiesC.tripsD.movements
小题11:
A.directionB.sightC.hearingD.touch
小题12:
A.overB.acrossC.withD.through
小题13:
A.heavenB.mountainC.cloudD.sky
小题14:
A.turnB.danceC.circleD.whistle
小题15:
A.flyB.timeC.dayD.1ook
小题16:
A.writeB.recordC.countD.memorize
小题17:
A.comeB.showC.phoneD.cheer
小题18:
A.againB.finallyC.onlyD.accidentally
小题19:
A.disadvantage B.chanceC.problemD.disaster
小题20:.
A.flewB.diedC.curedD.lost