问题 阅读理解
阅读短文,完成表格。
We all dream about things that we would like to do we hope to achieve in the future. But are everybody’s dreams the same? Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams, in which thousands of students across China took part in it.
What are the hopes of teenagers?
We received several different answers to the question: what would you like to do after finishing your education? It seems some students would like to start work as soon as possible, so that they can help provide better lives for their parents. Other students hope to continue studying after finishing school and to go to university. Although money is important, many teenagers said they want to do jobs they enjoy. According to the survey, the most popular choice of job is computer programming.
What are the dreams of teenagers?
Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. Some are more realistic than others. For example, many students said they would like to be volunteers if Beijing could hold the World Cup, maybe working as translators or tour guides. And quite a few said they dream of going to the moon one day.
According to the survey, less realistic dreams are also common, but many students reported that they were willing to work hard to achieve their dreams. Quite a few dream of becoming famous, perhaps famous sports people or singers. Some said they’d like to go on exciting trips; one students said she’d love to sail across the Pacific Ocean. And then there are dreams that are impossible; three students said they’d like to be able to fly!
Conclusion It was clear from the survey that teenagers have similar hopes. It seems that most students hope to have a good education and find a good job. On the other hand, students dream of very different things: good things, and even crazy things. It is very important to dream, so hold on your dreams; one day they may just come true.
A survey about some Chinese students’ ___小题1:___.
Hopes of teenagers
Some students hope to start working as soon as possible.
Others hope to continue studying after finishing school and to go to university
小题2:____is the most popular choice of job.
Dreams of teenagers
Some students have more realistic dreams such as working as volunteers at the 2008 Olympics, etc.
Others have less realistic dreams such as becoming famous sportspeople or singer, ___小题3:___and sailing across the Pacific Ocean.
Some students ___小题4:__such as being able to fly.
Conclusion: The survey shows that teenagers have similar hopes and different dreams
答案

小题1:hopes and dreams

小题2:Computer programming

小题3:going on exciting trips

小题4:have impossible dreams

题目分析:本文是对中国各地的学生的希望和梦想的一个调查结果。根据调查,最受欢迎的工作是计算机编程。而他们的梦想有些比较现实,像想当一名志愿者;但是有些学生的梦想是不现实的,甚至梦想会飞。

通过调查发现青少年的希望是相似的,梦想却是不同的。

小题1:根据Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams, in which thousands of students across China took part in it.可知本文介绍了中国各地学生的希望和梦想,故此处为hopes and dreams。

小题2:根据According to the survey, the most popular choice of job is computer programming.可知根据调查,最受欢迎的工作是计算机编程。故此处为Computer programming。

小题3:根据Some said they’d like to go on exciting trips; one students said she’d love to sail across the Pacific Ocean. 可知有些学生说,他们喜欢进行刺激的旅行。有一个学生说她想要航行穿越大西洋。作为such as的宾语用动名词短语,故此处为going on exciting trips。

小题4:根据And then there are dreams that are impossible; three students said they’d like to be able to fly!可知有些梦想是不可能的,有三名学生说,他们想要能够飞。故此处指的是他们有不可能实现的梦想,故为:

have impossible dreams。

综合题

历史上,中西方思想家的思想不断推动着社会的进步。阅读下列材料回答问题:

材料一 程朱坚认一草一木皆有理……不仅如此,程朱以为须穷究事物内在之理。其说乃不免以物为外在,析心与理为二。阳明认为其结果是心必将丧失其方向与动力。阳明说,如其理外在于心,则亲没之后,吾心即无孝之理及孝亲之心。

——陈荣捷《中国哲学文献选编》

(1)根据材料一和所学知识,分析宋明理学相对于传统儒学的新特点。材料一中两派思想家的观点有何不同?(6分)

材料二 船山(王夫之)视宇宙为一生生不息之历程。在这个历程里,气之阴与阳不断地融合,如是,气与理俱日新不已。这种哲学适用于政府与历史上,导致了反传统而大胆的结论。理既只是存现于具体事物与制度之中,那么宋明新儒家所制定为历史与社会之典范之“天理”,就根本不存在了。

——陈荣捷《中国哲学文献选编》

(2) 依据材料二指出王夫之反对理学的依据是什么?请以其同时代的思想观点为材料二中“导致了反传统而大胆的结论”提供一则佐证。综合材料一、二,说明明清时期儒学发展的趋势。(9分)

材料三 法律应当是理性的体现。国家的权力应分为立法权、行 * * 和司法权,国王只能行使行 * * ,立法权和司法权应当分属议会和法院。如果国王不能给人民带来幸福,人民就应当推翻他的统治。

——孟德斯鸠《论法的精神》

(3)材料三中的“理性”与材料一中的“理”有何区别?与材料二相比,材料三在反封建方面有何发展之处?结合所学知识,指出造成以上差异的根源。(6分)

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