问题 单项选择题

肺源性心脏病最常见的病因是()

A.机化性肺炎

B.慢支、肺气肿

C.支气管扩张

D.肺结核

E.矽肺

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解

It’s the lunchtime break at Shanghai Xianxia Middle School. No mobile phones can be heard ringing anywhere. The common sight of crowds of children chatting on their phones or sending short messages has disappeared(消失).

A grade-2 student said: “I couldn’t concentrate(集中精力) during classes if the phone was with me. I couldn’t help checking if there were messages or missed phone calls. I even played games on the phone sometimes.”

The school leaders say they feel the ban(禁令) is necessary to keep order in class. They even gave out an open letter to remind parents not to let their children bring mobile phones to school. More than 96 percent of parents say they welcome the school decision. The school is also being flexible(灵活的)in implementing the ban. Those students who live far from school are allowed to bring mobile phones to call their parents. But they still have to turn them off in classrooms.

Medical experts(专家) have also welcomed the school decision. They say too much dependence on mobile phones can cause many psychological problems in school students.

小题1:The passage mainly tells us about___________.

A.whether the mobile phone should be used at school by students

B.the harm the mobile phone may cause to middle school students

C.different opinions between school leaders and medical experts

D.a ban on the use of mobile phones by students in a middle school小题2:In paragraph 3, the underlined word “implementing” means ________in Chinese.

A.调整

B.公布

C.执行

D.张贴

综合题

(32分)阅读材料并结合所学知识,回答下列问题。

材料一 从秦到清,中央政府对待少数民族地区的施政大致是以羁縻为始,实行名义上的统治,或者说是统而不治;进行渐次实行间接统治,最后才是直接治理。在两千年中,少数民族地区的地方行政制度有过多种形式的变化,但归结起来就是上面这三部曲。从秦到宋,基本上执行的都是羁縻政策。有的少数民族只是表示臣服,受到封号,不时朝贡,名义上内属而已。有的少数民族虽然在王朝版图之内,但朝廷并不过问其内部事务,只是通过其首领未实现间接统治,有时虽有内地行政组织和行政区域的名称,但实质都与正式郡县制完全两样。元代以后,改行土司制度,表面上还是采用羁縻手段,但实际上已通过派土司当中的流官来进行半直接的治理。明代中期起义逐渐采取改土归流政策,经过四五百年的调整,才把少数民族地区的地方行政制度基本纳入郡县制之中。

——据周振鹤《中国地方行政制度史》等

材料二 我国和苏联的情况很不同。在我国,汉族人口多,占的地方少,少数民族人口少,占的地方大,悬殊很大;在苏联,俄罗斯人口多,但占的地方也大。中国如果采取联邦制,就会在各民族间增加界墙,增加民族纠纷。因为我国许多少数民族同汉族长期共同聚居在一个地区,有些地区,如内蒙古、广西、云南,汉族都占很大比重,若实行严格的单一民族的联邦制,很多人就要搬家,这对各民族向团结和发展都很不利。所以我们不采取这种办法,而要进行民族区域自治的政策。

——周恩来《民族区域自治有利于民族团结和共同进步》(1957年)

材料三 在我们这样一个统一的多民族国家,面对少数民族人口众多、分布广泛的国情,采用民族区域自治来解决我国民族问题,体现中 * * 党和中国人民的政治智慧,符合各民族的共同利益,具有巨大的优越性和旺盛的生命力。

——摘自《人民日报》评论《民族区域自治符合各民族共同利益》(2009年7月22日)

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,指出元代前后中央政府对待少数民族地区的施政特点和变化的政治原因。(6分)并以唐朝和清朝前期对今天新疆地区的治理为例说明之。(8分)

(2)根据所学知识,说明新中国成立前后我国推行民族区域自治政策的变化趋势。(4分)根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,分析我国实行民族区域自治的历史依据和现实条件。(6分)

(3)根据材料二、三并结合所学知识,谈谈你对“民族区域自治符合各民族共同利益”的认识。(8分)