问题 问答题

近代史上有“中体西用”、“西体中用”、“全盘西化”等观点,谈谈你的看法。

答案

参考答案:近代关于调和中西文化冲突主要有三个观点:“中体西用”、“西体中用”和“全盘西化”。 (1)“中体西用”是“中学为体,西学为用”的简称。所谓中学是指以儒家为代表的中国传统学术,西学是指近代由西方传人的西方学术。中体西用是借用中国哲学的体用范畴,说明以中学为根本、西学为末用的观点。明确而全面地讲中体西用,并发生重大影响的是洋务派的重要代表张之洞,他在《劝学篇》中说:“中学为内学,西学为外学;中学治身心,西学应世事。”中体西用自张之洞阐发后,在思想界产生很大反响。 (2)“西体中用”。“西体中用”是早期维新派提出的处理中西学关系的一个命题。它的基本内涵是,西学自有本末,即政治上的议院为:本、经济上的以商为本、文化上的以学为本。中国必须引效其体而行之为用。早期维新派以此与洋务派分离。 (3)“全盘西化”。主张不预设任何人为的限制,照搬西方的社会制度和文化意识作为民族自救的根本出路。这种观点的主要代表人物是陈序经。胡适于1929年写成《中国今日的文化冲突》一文,正式提出“全盘西化”一词。1934年,陈序经发表《中国文化的出路》一书,回顾六七十年来中国人对西洋文化的态度的变更,指出复古派、折衷派“各有其不足”,断言:“我们的唯一办法,是全盘接受西化”,强调要“彻底地打破中国的传统思想的垄断”,“此为救治中国目前危亡的根本”。

阅读理解

There was a man who had a little son. He loved him very much. Every day after work the man would come home and play with the little boy.

When the man came home from work one night, he found that he had some extra work to do. And he wasn’t able to play with his little son. He wanted to give the boy something to keep him busy. So, looking around his study, he saw a magazine with a large map of the world on the cover. He got an idea. He patiently tore the map up into pieces. Then he led his son into the dining room and spread the pieces on the table. He explained to the boy that it was a map of the world. He told the boy to put it back together and they could play together when he finished. Surely this could keep the child busy for hours, he thought.

After about thirty minutes, the boy came to the man and said, “Okay, it’s finished, Dad. Can we play now?”

The man was surprised, saying, “That’s amazing! How did you do that?” The boy said, “It was easy. On the back of the page was a picture of a man. When I put the man together, the whole world appeared completely.”

小题1: Why couldn’t the man play with his son that night? 

A.He had to read a magazine.

B.He had some extra work to do.

C.He had to learn something about a map.

D.He had to stay at his office for extra work.小题2:What did the man ask his son to do?

A.To read the magazine to find the map.

B.To tear the map of the world up into pieces.

C.To put the pieces of the map of the world back together.

D.To clean the dining room first, and then read the map of the world.小题3: How long did it take the boy to finish the work?

A.A few hours.

B.About an hour.

C.About half an hour.

D.The whole night.小题4:Which of the following is TRUE about the passage?

A.It’s a report about a father’s extra work.

B.It’s a story between a father and his clever son.

C.It’s an advertisement for the map of the world.

D.It’s a poster about how to deal with parents’ problems.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题