问题 综合

图11为“中国洪水频率分布图(1949~1989年)”。读图回答下列问题。(10分)

(1)说明我国洪水灾害的空间分布特点。 (3分)

(2)简述暴雨洪涝形成的自然原因。 (2分)

(3)指出加剧东北地区洪涝灾害的主要人为原因,并提出三项有效的防灾减灾措施。(5分)

答案

(1)东部多、西部少(1分);沿海多、内陆少(1分);平原低地多、高原山地少(河流中下游多)(1分)

(2)降水集中、雨量大(1分);地势低平、排水不畅(1分)

(3)破坏森林(1分),开垦湿地(1分)

保护植被(1分),恢复湿地(1分);建立完善的排涝系统(加强监测、预报、预警)(1分,合理即可)

本题考查影响我国的自然灾害。(1)直接读图归纳,我国的洪涝灾害主要集中于东部地区,尤其是河流中下游地区;(2)暴雨洪涝形成的自然原因主要从气候和地形条件分析。(3)加剧洪涝灾害的人为原因主要从湿地的破坏,使湿地调蓄洪涝灾害的能力下降和植被的破坏,加重了水土流失,导致河道淤积角度分析。防灾措施主要结合人为原因从气象措施、工程措施和非工程性措施等方面分析。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Valentine's Day (情人节) is named for Saint Valentine an early Christmas churchman who reportedly

helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1700 years ago,

but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.

      More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration,

girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Boys reached into the container

and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.

     Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they sent each other Valentine's Day cards that tell of

their love. Sometimes they also sent gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts

and cards through the mail system. But some used another way to send this message. They have it printed in a

newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short"Jane, I love you very much". Others say more. This one, for example,"Dan, Roses are red. Violets are blue. I hope you love me as

much as I love you. Forever. May."

      Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold through-out the United

States, and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of USA

Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of

Valentine's Day message reach the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.

1. When was the day named after Valentine?

A. More than 1700 years ago before Valentine's death

B. More than 2000 years ago

C. On February 24

D. It is not mentioned in the passage.

2. What is the cost of printing a message to show one's love? It's _______.

A. a few dollars

B. a few dollars in a local newspaper and 80 dollars in USA Today

C. 80 dollars, and more

D. very expensive

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. The ancient Roman girls were more open and easy - going than boys

B. Valentine was killed for helping lovers

C. Readers of USA Today can send roses to their lovers along with printed messages

D. Valentine was honored by people for his firm Christian belief and warm heart

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To briefly introduce the origin of Valentine's Day and the modern style.

B. To advertise for USA Today.

C. To tell you that Americans are open to express their love.

D. To sell roses on Valentine's Day.

单项选择题