问题 解答题

一只蜗牛一天从地面往墙上向上爬了3米,晚上却滑下1米,第二天又向上爬了3米,现在蜗牛离地面有几米?  

答案

3 - 1+3=5(米)

选择题

阅读下面的内容,完成下面3题

①“茉莉花”小曲(即民歌)曲名为“鲜花调”,有几百种鸣唱法,但大同小异,实际就是一种,音乐界称为“近似音调”。这种曲调广泛流传于明、清,主要流行区在江浙。据已故音乐史论家章鸣(原中国艺术研究院民族音乐研究所研究员)等专家考证清代的“鲜花调”是在明代已流行于扬州的“鲜花调”基础上的发展。扬州清曲,以及从扬州清曲中汲取丰富营养的扬剧,都有“鲜花调”曲牌,与之有着千丝万缕的联系。

②我国音乐源远流长,但最大遗憾是,长期以来大多数只有曲牌名及歌词,很少有曲谱记载。现存最早的“鲜花调”(又名“仙花调”)歌词,见于清乾隆三十九年(1771年)扬州戏曲演出脚本《缀白裘》丛书中《花鼓》一剧的“仙花调”。现在发现最早的曲谱,国外见于由英国人希特纳于1804年出版的《中国旅行记》中记载的“小调”(有谱无词,后被意大利作曲家普契尼运用到歌剧《图兰朵》中);国内最早记谱为工尺谱,此工尺谱记载在清道光元年(1821年)刊行的《小蕙集》上,由扬州清曲家王万卿演唱、张中操记谱、武俊达校订,王万卿演唱的“鲜花调”更接近当代流行的“茉莉花”;再次为1840年抄本《张菊田琴谱》之古琴曲。

③现代首次以简谱形式面世的“茉莉花”,1957年由前线歌舞团到北京作汇报演出,演唱很成功,后灌制了唱片,在国内外广为流传。

④江苏的《茉莉花》,其旋法以五声音阶曲折的级进为主,旋律婉转流畅,有典型的南方民歌的特点,宛如一幅江南水乡风土人情的图画。歌词一般只有开始关于茉莉花的几段,不唱《西厢记》的故事。民歌手往往采用吴语演唱这首歌曲,其风格细腻优雅,听来感到新颖亲切,生动地刻画了古代少女追求美好生活的形象,很有艺术感染力。

⑤与江苏的《茉莉花》比起来,河北南皮《茉莉花》的曲调则更具有叙述性质。它的速度缓慢,旋律的进行委婉。民歌表演者为了加强对歌中古代人物形象的塑造,有时从戏曲音乐中汲取素材来丰富这首民歌,河北南皮《茉莉花》的最后有一个较长的拖腔,其旋律材料就是取自吕剧“四平腔”的常用拖腔,但用得很贴切。

⑥六合、泰州、盐城、苏州、淮安等5城市争夺《茉莉花》的属地权,但此次争论的最大焦点依旧是《茉莉花》归属地究竟是扬州还是六合。此次纷争起因主要来自于民歌《茉莉花》的搜集整理加工者何仿。据何仿考证,《鲜花调》除流传于六合外,在苏州、徐州及邻近六合的仪征一带也有流传,但根据约定俗成的惯例,均依据采集地作为民歌的籍贯。

⑦茉莉花啊,茉莉花,真是一朵奇异的茉莉花。

小题1:下列表述,最适合作为文章标题的一项是  (  )

A.民歌茉莉花的唱法。

B.民歌茉莉花的发源地的争议。

C.民歌茉莉花的历史。

D.民歌茉莉花的艺术魅力。小题2:下列表述,符合原文内容的一项是( )

A.茉莉花”民歌“鲜花调”,虽然唱法有很多种,但实际就是一种,音乐界称为“近似音调”,这种曲调广泛流传于明、清,流行区域在江浙。

B.我国音乐源远流长,但最大遗憾是,长期以来大多数只有曲牌名及歌词,很少有曲谱记载,是因为那时的人们还不会用简谱来记载。

C.由于吸纳了其他艺术成分,《茉莉花》流传过程中出现了一些变化,如江苏与河北南皮的《茉莉花》唱腔不完全相同,但都增强了艺术感染力。

D.由于何仿的考证,争论不已的《茉莉花》的属地权已经尘埃落定,有了明确的说法,得到了争夺各方城市的一致赞同。小题3:在文章末尾,作者慨叹茉莉花的“奇异”,请根据全文分条概括“奇异”的表现。(6分)

阅读理解

     Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it , and to go into their offices or schools

every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and

reach home late in the evening.

     One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London

without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country

with a garden of one's own. Then, in the country one can rest from the noise and hurry of the town.

Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at

night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country.

If one likes gardens, one can spend one's free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred

and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one

has the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.

      Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with

its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dancehalls and restaurants. Such people

would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in

one of the parks and a fortnight's (two weeks') visit to the sea every summer is all the country they

want: the_rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every

night.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. People who like country things prefer to live outside the city.

B. People who work in London prefer to live in the country.

C. Because of certain disadvantages of living outside London, some people who work in London prefer

to live inside London.

D. Because of certain advantages of living outside London, many people who work in London prefer

to live outside London.

2. One can use the same money for ________ to buy a little house with a garden in the country.

A. getting a small flat with a garden

B. having a small flat with a garden

C. renting a small flat without a garden

D. buying a small flat without a garden

3. When the flowers and vegetables in the garden come up, those ________ have the reward of one

who has shared the secret of Nature.

A. who live in the country

B. who have spent time working in the garden

C. who have a garden of their own

D. who have been digging, planting and watering

4. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that________if they had to live it outside

London.

A. their life was meaningless

B. their life was invaluable

C. they didn't deserve a happy life

D. they were not worthy of their happy life