问题 综合

阅读图文资料,回答下列问题。

材料一 今年3月3日(农历正月十四),受强冷空气影响,预计渤海海域将出现1969年以来最强的一次温带风暴潮过程。

材料二 下图为3月14日潮水水位增长预报图。

(1)分析此时渤海海区的风向,并比较山东省与辽宁省受本次风暴潮影响的差异及原因。(6分)

(2)就如何减轻风暴潮灾害,提出合理化建议。(4分)

答案

(1)东北风。辽宁省未发生风暴潮,山东省受风暴潮影响大。原因:偏北风(东北风)助长了潮势,辽宁省沿海为离岸风,山东省北部沿海为向岸风。   

(2)做好风暴潮预报和监测;建设沿海防护林体系;建设海岸防护(或堤防)工程;加强宣传提高人们的防灾减灾意识。

题目分析:

(1)此题考查学生的读图分析能力。风是海水运动的主要动力,学生可以根据上图分析水位的变化得出答案,图中渤海湾的西南岸潮水水位增长达到80-350cm,对河北省和山东省沿岸地区影响大,淹没沿海低地,侵蚀海岸等而渤海湾的水位增长没有出现,辽宁省不受此次海潮的影响。所以根据此点判断此地渤海湾的风向是东北风。

(2)此题考查自然灾害的防治,是高频考点。学生必须对常见的自然灾害的防治措施能详记,才能在千变万化中应变自如。此题我们参考台风风防御措施。台风具有突发性、破坏力大的特点,是世界上最严重的自然灾害之一。台风的破坏力主要由强风、暴风和风暴潮三个因素。台风还可能诱发山洪爆发、河堤决口、泥石流、地质塌方、水库崩溃等其他灾害。所以一定要做好防御措施:以利用气象卫星和气象雷达监测和预报。②营造沿海防护林。③加强大堤的建设,禁止对海岸的破坏。④建立健全的减灾的政策法规体系。⑤提高公众的灾害意识。⑥相关水域水上作业和过往船舶采取积极的应对措施等等。

问答题

(46) Globalization might be welcomed on many grounds—the economic, political, communicational, and even linguistic ones come readily to mind but it also has some unfortunate side effects that might prove deadly to the very future of mankind. This is no mere surmise of congenital misanthropes, but the expressed fear of some who are otherwise well disposed to it. Thus Thomas Friedman, in an otherwise optimistically minded book, nevertheless, writes as follows:
(47) The more I observed the system of globalization at work, the more obvious it was that it had unleashed forest-crushing forces of development, which if left unchecked had the potential to destroy the environment and uproot culture...
(48) And because globalization as a culturally homogenizing and environment-devouring force is coming on so fast, there is real danger that in just a few decades it will wipe out the ecological and cultural diversity that took millions of years of human and biological forces to produce.
Something is as ominous as all that is a real threat indeed. (49) And yet, despite such apprehensions, Friedman and others who think like him believe that effects of this magnitude can somehow be sidestepped without interfering with the technicizing sweep of globalization. Is that merely wishful thinking or an inability to take in the full import of his own words
As Friedman points out, the globalization threat is at once to nature and to culture: to the environment and the whole ecological variety of plants and animals, as well as to the quality of human life and the cultural diversity on which it depends. Damage to nature eventually translates itself as damage to culture, and vice versa. The fate of many ancient civilizations that collapsed because they outgrew their natural resources is historical proof of that fact. Our modern civilization is subject to the same self-limiting conditions. (50) Thus, if all agriculture is reduced to an agribusiness industry, then the diversified countryside landscape that humans have created since the Neolithic revolution will become a monocultural ecological desert, for with it will disappear a host of animal and plant species as well as a whole rural way of life with its myriad varieties of folk cultures that have been carried on for millennia. The loss of natural species through the destruction of their natural habitat is paralleled step by step by the loss of cultural "species" through the elimination of their social habitat, which is rooted in a natural environment. The clearing of jungles does not merely exterminate the animals living there, but also the native people whose homes have been there for countless generations.

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