问题 问答题

如图所示,两平行金属板A、B长8cm,两板间距离d=8cm,A板比B板电势高300V,一带正电的粒子电荷量q=10-10C,质量m=10-20kg,沿电场中心线RO垂直电场线飞入电场,初速度υ0=2×106m/s,粒子飞出平行板电场后经过界面MN、PS间的无电场区域后,进入固定在O点的点电荷Q形成的电场区域,(设界面PS右边点电荷的电场分布不受界面的影响),已知两界面MN、PS相距为12cm,D是中心线RO与界面PS的交点,O点在中心线上,距离界面PS为9cm,粒子穿过界面PS作匀速圆周运动,最后垂直打在放置于中心线上的荧光屏bc上.(静电力常数k=9.0×109N-m2/C2,粒子的重力不计)

(1)求粒子穿过界面MN时偏离中心线RO的距离多远?到达PS界面时离D点多远?

(2)在图上粗略画出粒子运动的轨迹.

(3)确定点电荷Q的电性并求其电荷量的大小.

答案

(1)粒子穿过界面MN时偏离中心线RO的距离(侧向位移):

y=

1
2
at2 

a=

F
m
=
eU
dm

 l=v0t

y=

1
2
at2=
qU
2md
(
L
v0
)
2
=0.03m=3cm       

带电粒子在离开电场后将做匀速直线运动,其轨迹与PS线交于a,设a到中心线的距离为Y.         

又由相似三角形得

L
l
2
+L
=
y
Y

 Y=4y=12cm 

(2)带电粒子垂直进入匀强电场后,只受电场力,做类平抛运动,在MN、PS间的无电场区域做匀速直线运动,界面PS右边做圆周运动,最后垂直打在放置于中心线上的荧光屏bc上,图象如图所示:

(3)带电粒子到达a处时,带电粒子的水平速度:vx0=2×106m/s 

竖直速度:所以 υy=at=1.5×160m/s,

v=2.5×106m/s          

该带电粒子在穿过界面PS后将绕点电荷Q作匀速圆周运动.所以Q带负电.根据几何关系:半径r=15cm 

k

qQ
r2
=m
v2
r

解得:Q=1.04×10-8

答:(1)求粒子穿过界面MN时偏离中心线RO的距离为3cm;到达PS界面时离D点12cm;

(2)粒子运动的轨迹如图所示;

(3)Q带负电,电荷量为Q=1.04×10-8C.

单项选择题 B1型题
阅读理解
 
阅读理解
     Facebook means never having to say goodbye.The social media website has earned a reputation for
reconnecting old friends.Last week,a guy whom I hadn't seen since my bachelor party five years ago
sent me a friend request.I accepted and waited for "Easy E" to send me a greeting of some kind.He had
sought me out,after all.
     I learned from his profile that he was in a relationship and had a son.However,I'm pretty sure we
won't ever write walltowall,let alone email each other.But he'll remain a friend of online until one of us
makes a point of removing the other from his official list.
     My pool of friends consists of family members,college buddies,coworkers from past and  present,and
friends of friends.There are 35 in all.If I spent some time uploading old email addresses,I'm confident that
I could increase my friend count actually.
     A person could make a mission out of reconnecting with childhood friends,former  classmates,distant
cousins, and those one would like to get to know better.And some people can even handle hundreds of
onscreen relationships,keeping up with the daily happenings of  their small army of companions.After all,
there are worse fates than having too many friends.
     Thanks to email,the inability to schedule facetoface meetings no longer means a  friendship must come
to a close.But even with email,people will lose touch if one or both  parties stop writing back.That's
normal.People move from school to school,job to job,city  to city.You never have to feel guilty for
breaking away.
      Every day,the masterminds of Web 2.0 find new ways of making human communication  easier.
However,convenience_can_be_a_crutch(拐杖). Some things shouldn't be simplified.When it comes to
friendship,there can be no shortcuts.

1. According to Paragraph 1,the website is famous because ________.
A. it has an interesting name of "Facebook"
B. it helps people get in touch with old friends
C. it can send people a greeting of some kind
D. it reminds people of events in the past

2. From the second paragraph we can learn that the writer ________.
A. would write to the friend quite often
B. asked the friend to email him
C. did get some information about the friend
D. would keep in touch with the friend forever

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are 35 people in the author's list of friends right now.
B. The author communicates with all the 35 friends by emails.
C. The list of 35 friends doesn't include the old email addresses.
D. It is not difficult for the author to increase his friend count.

4.What does the writer mean by saying "However,convenience can be a crutch(拐杖)"?
A. The masterminds of Web 2.0 also sell crutch online.
B. Taking a crutch is a new way of making friends online.
C. Convenience is dangerous for human communication.
D. Convenience is not really good for human communication.

5. What does the author think of the convenience of communicating online?
A. The technology could not keep true friendship forever.
B. The social website of Facebook means nothing at all.
C. There will be no ways of making real friends online.
D. People will not lose friends with the help of the Facebook.