问题 单项选择题

根据《海牙规则》的相关规定,对于下列哪些原因引起或造成损害,承运人应当承担责任:

A.由于承运人的过失造成的火灾而引起货物灭失

B.由于船长在管理船舶中的不履行职责造成货物灭失或损害

C.由于战争行为导致货物灭失

D.由于包装不当导致货物灭失

答案

参考答案:A

解析:理由:本题考查《海牙规则》的承运人免责制度。《海牙规则》规定了承运人的免责共有 17项,主要包括,对于下列原因引起或造成的货物的灭失或损害,承运人不负责任:(1)船长、船员、引水员或者承运人的雇用人在驾驶或者管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行职责;(2)火灾,但由于承运人实际过失或私谋所造成者除外;(3)海上或其他可航水域的风险、危险或意外事故;(4)天灾;(5)战争行为;(6)公敌行为;(7)君主、统治者或人民的扣留或拘禁或依法扣押;(8)检疫限制;(9)货物托运人或者货主、其代理人或代表的行为或不行为;(10)不论由于何种原因引起的局部或者全面的罢工、关厂、停工或劳动力受到限制;(11)暴乱和民变; (12)救助或企图救助海上人命或财产;(13)由于货物的固有瑕疵、性质或缺陷所造成的容积或重量的损失,或任何其他灭失或损害;(14)包装不当;(15)标志不清或者不当;(16)尽适当的谨慎所不能发现的潜在缺陷;(17)不是由于承运人的实际过失或私谋,或是承运人的代理人或受雇人员的过失或疏忽所引起的任何其他原因。

阅读理解

阅读短文,根据其内容回答问题。

        Many people always say that listening to spoken English is too hard for them. But if you don't

understand what people are saying, how can you talk with them? It may be difficult, but learning by

listening is necessary. It can be done.

        As we know, different people have different pronunciations of the same word. Standard (标准)

pronunciation is important for English speaking as well as for listening. In China, people from one area

may not understand what people from another area are saying because of the different Chinese dialects

(方言). Standard Chinese pronunciation can help people from different places understand each other easily. 

        It is the same with English. If your pronunciation is not standard, it is as hard for other people to

understand you as it is for you to understand them.

        If you want to learn how to listen to English, the following ways are helpful.

        Get some good books with tapes. Do the exercises, from the simple to the difficult, step by step.

        You can also watch English-language films, listen to English-language radio and TV programmes.

        Try to listen every day, even if only for a few minutes. At first you may understand few words.

Don't give up. Just listen.

        Remember to red and speak English every day. It will help you a lot. Every day, spend an hour

reading English. Finally you will notice that you're making progress.

        Talk to English-speaking people as often as possible. They will speak more slowly with you, use

simple words and use body language to help you understand them. Don't be afraid to talk to them. They

won't mind because they may have more trouble to make themselves understood in Chinese.

1. Is it possible for people to learn English by listening?

    ________________________________________________

2. What do you have to do when you talk with English-speaking people?

    ________________________________________________

3. Why is standard English very important?

    ________________________________________________

4. How many ways does the writer talk about to practise listening?

    ________________________________________________

5. When do you feel easier to understand English-speaking people?

    ________________________________________________

名词解释