问题 问答题

A.不锈钢是由铁、铬、镍、碳及众多不同元素所组成的合金,铁是主要成分元素,铬是第一主要的合金元素.其中铬的含量不能低于11%,不然就不能生成致密氧化膜CrO3防止腐蚀.

(1)基态碳(C)原子的轨道表示式为______.

(2)[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl•2H2O中Cr的配位数为______;已知CrO5中Cr为+6价,则CrO5的结构式为______.

(3)金属镍粉在CO气流中轻微加热,生成无色挥发性液态Ni(CO)4,呈四面体构型.423K时,Ni(CO)4分解为Ni和CO,从而制得高纯度的Ni粉.试推测:四羰基镍的晶体类型是______,与Ni(CO)4中配体互为等电子的离子是______.

(4)Fe的一种晶体如甲、乙所示,若按甲虚线方向切乙得到A~B图中正确的是______.

(5)据报道,只含镁、镍和碳三种元素的晶体竟然具有超导性.鉴于这三种元素都是常见元素,从而引起广泛关注.该晶体的结构可看作由镁原子和镍原子在一起进行面心立方密堆积,试写出该晶体的化学式______.晶体中每个镁原子周围距离最近的镍原子有______个.

答案

(1)碳原子核外有6个电子,根据电子排布规律知,其轨道表示式为,故答案为:

(2)[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl•2H2O中Cr与4个H2O,2个Cl-形成配位键,所以配位数为6,CrO5中存在过氧键、Cr-O键、Cr=O,在4个Cr-O键中Cr为+1价,在Cr=O键中Cr为+2价,则结构式为

故答案为:6;

(3)金属镍粉在CO气流中轻微加热,生成无色挥发性液态Ni(CO)4,应为分子晶体,与Ni(CO)4中配体互为等电子的离子是CN-、C22-

故答案为:分子晶体;CN-、C22-

(4)甲中Fe位于顶点和体心,乙由8个甲组成,按甲虚线方向切乙形成的纵截面边长不相等,则排除B、D,由于每个小晶胞中的体心含有1个Fe原子,则应为A,故答案为:A;

(5)该晶胞中,碳原子个数是1,镁原子个数=8×

1
8
=1,镍原子个数=6×
1
2
=3,所以其化学式为:MgCNi3,利用沿X、Y、Z三轴切割的方法知,晶体中每个镁原子周围距离最近的镍原子有4×3=12,

故答案为:MgCNi3;12.

完形填空

任务型阅读(10分):

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Unlike modern animal scientists , dinosaur (恐龙) scientist cannot sit on a hillside and use telescope to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents .   71   .

It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils(化石) .   72    . They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries . Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone .

    73    .  A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south , suggesting that they even moved long distances together .

As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young , dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs —birds and crocodiles — for possible models .     74   .  The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies , but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same .

75    .  Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agreement .

A.There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered .

B.Though there are two different results , dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds

of dinosaurs lived in big groups .

C.Birds give a lot of care to their young , while crocodiles just help their young to the water .

D.Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place .E. Half of the dinosaurs lived alone .

F. Birds hardly pay attentions to their young .

G. Instead , they have to search hard for information from dinosaur’s fossils .

此任务型阅读题答案选项写在以下的横线上

71._______  72.______  73.______  74.______  75_____

单项选择题