问题 单项选择题

关于项目管理办公室对多项目的管理,以下叙述不正确的是______。

A.使用项目管理系统可强化对各项目的监控

B.出于成本考虑,一般不对单个项目建立独立的一套过程规范

C.项目管理办公室不仅要对各项目实施有效监控,还要负责对各项目进行专业指导

D.为了不对各个项目的实施造成影响,项目管理办公室一般不对各项目进行资源平衡

答案

参考答案:D

解析:项目管理办公室(Project Management Office, PMO)的职能总体来说可以分为两大类:日常性职能和战略性职能。其中战略性职能包括:项目组合管理以及提高组织的项目管理能力,具体如下:
(1)建立组织内项目管理的支撑环境
一个项目在执行当中从组织层面最容易获得的支持就是来自组织所建立的统一的支撑环境,其内容包括:统一的项目实施流程(可见B是正确的)、项目过程实施指南和文档模板、项目管理工具、项目管理信息系统等。即A是正确的。
(2)培养项目管理人员
项目管理办公室担负培养专业项目管理人员的职责,并在组织内部形成统一的项目管理语言,会大大改善项目的实施环境,提高项目的协作效率。
(3)提供项目管理的指导和咨询
在遇到困难时候,来自于组织层面的专业指导会使一线人员感到极大的支持,而不仅是孤军奋战。同时这种指导也会大大加强和促进组织内部有效经验的传播和共享。即C是正确的。
(4)组织内的多项目管理和监控
一个组织往往同时进行许多项目,项目管理办公室就承担了统一收集和汇总这些项目的信息和绩效,并对组织高层或其他需要这些信息的部门或组织进行报告的职能。同时这些信息也帮助组织判断该项目是否运行在正确的轨迹上。
(5)项目组合管理
项目组合管理包括如下两个任务:将组织战略和项目关联;项目选择和优先级排定。
项目组合管理最主要的活动就是进行项目组合的选择。项目组合的选择可能涉及公司的最高决策,所以是放在项目管理办公室还是由组织的高层作最后的决策,可根据组织的规模和性质有所不同。但是一般来说,至少提供决策所需信息由项目管理办公室来负责,最后的决策则必须有来自组织高层的批准。项目选择的过程包括识别机会,评估组织的适配性,分析成本、收益和风险,以及规划和选择一个组合。组合管理所关心的是适配、效用和平衡。如果有效地予以实施,组合管理将确保人员和资源的最佳使用。可见D是错误的。
(6)提高组织的项目管理能力
一个组织的项目管理能力直接关联到组织战略目标是否可以有效地实施。这一过程一方面是通过项目管理办公室所承担的日常性职能来贯彻和体现的;同时,更重要的是把项目管理能力变成一种可持久性体现的、而不依赖于个人行为的组织行为。
故D是正确答案。

阅读理解

第三部分阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)

A

No other band has had the same influence in the world as the Beatles. Over eight years and with more than a dozen albums (专辑),four young men from Liverpool, England — John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Star changed popular music and culture forever.

People in the UK became crazy about the Beatles in late 1963. The phenomenon (现象) was called “Beatlemania” by the British press. The term referred to the young women seen screaming at the band’s concerts. Beatlemania came to North America in early 1964, and the band’s popularity spread across much of the world.

Within five years, the Beatles’music changed greatly from their simple early hits like “She Loves You” and “I want to Hold Your Hand”.

The band wrote their own songs, explored new ways to create music and strived (奋斗)for high quality in every album they put out.

However, with their popularity came criticism (批评). The press criticized the band as symbols of 1960s youth culture, which celebrated freedom from traditional family roles.

In 1970, Paul McCartney announced he was leaving the Beatles. And the group quietly came to an end.

In the 70s, fans hoped for a reunion, but the group decided to follow their own careers with different degrees of success.

Fans lost hope with a tragedy; John Lennon was murdered in New York in 1980.

51. How long did the Beatles exist?

A. Five years.                           B. Six years.

C. Eight years.                         D. Thirteen years.

52. The underlined word “press” means _______.

A. young women of a country         

B. young fans of a singer or film star

C. a business that prints and sometimes also sells books           

D. reports in newspapers and on radio and television

53. For what reason were the Beatles criticized?

A. Because their own songs were not popular.

B. Because they influenced the youth culture.

C. Because of their own families.

D. Because of their roles in the band.

54. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Beatles changed the face of music       B. John Lennon’s death

C. John Lennon and his band             D. The break-up of the Beatles

单项选择题