患儿男，7个月。因腹泻1天，发热39℃，于9月13日入院。查体：精神可，无明显脱水征，咽红。大便呈蛋花汤样，脂肪球（+）。其引起腹泻的最可能病因是（）。
A.细菌性痢疾
B.进食过量或喂养不当
C.病毒性肠炎
D.生理性腹泻
E.致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎
参考答案：C
解析：考查知识点：腹泻病的鉴别诊断。生理性腹泻：主要特点是虽腹泻，但精神、食欲及体重增长均良好。病毒性肠炎：病初可有高热、呕吐，大便性状为水样便如蛋花汤样，无脓血。粪便检查可见脂肪球，WBC0～3/HP；电镜检查可看到轮状病毒颗粒。致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎：临床表现为发热、腹泻、呕吐，大便性状为水样便，黏液较多，有特殊的腥臭味，并常伴有电解质紊乱及代谢性酸中毒。粪便常规偶见WBC，常见脂肪滴。诊断依靠流行病学及粪便细菌培养血清分型。细菌性痢疾：其特点为发热、腹痛、有典型里急后重及脓血便表现。粪便镜检可见大量WBC、RBC及脓细胞，细菌培养常阳性。进食不当所致腹泻：主要为不消化大便，节制饮食后很快好转。
| 完形填空。 | ||||
| It was the afternoon of December 24, but I had to work. The only thing that brightened my 1 was the beautifully decorated Christmas tree and a gift-a dozen long-stemmed (长茎的) red 2 . As I was cleaning my office,a lady urgently (急切地) needed to talk to me. I noticed a young, 3 woman with a baby in her arms. 4 ,she explained that her husband, a prisoner,was my next patient. She told me she wasn't 5 to visit her husband in prison (监狱) and that he had 6 seen his son. She wished to 7 the boy's father sit in the waiting room with her as long as possible 8 I called him for his appointment. Since my timetable wasn't full,I agreed. 9 , it was Christmas Eve. A short time later, her husband arrived. The woman's tired face 10 like our little Christmas tree when her husband took a seat beside her. I kept peeling (偷看) out to watch them laugh,cry,and share their 11 . After almost an hour, I 12 inside my door. The patient seemed like a gentle and humble (恭顺的) man. I tried to make him as 13 as possible. At the end of the appointment. I 14 him a Merry Christmas-a difficult thing to say to a man heading back to prison. He smiled and thanked me. He also said he felt 15 by the fact that he hadn't been able to get his wife anything for Christmas. 16 hearing this, I was inspired with a wonderful 17 . I'll never forget the 18 on both their faces as the prisoner gave his wife the beautiful roses. I'm not 19 who experienced the most joy-the husband in giving. the wife in receiving,or myself in having the opportunity to share in this special 20 . | ||||
|