问题 论述题

( 28分 )阅读材料,回答问题

2013年中国以进出口总额4.16万亿美元,居全球第一。

材料一  我国2009-2013年进出口总额(单位:亿美元)

注:2013年我国低端出口产品占出口总额的比重为20%,而美国和德国各占1%;我国自主品牌出口只占11%。

材料二  我国虽已成为世界第一贸易大国,但我国出口贸易形势仍不容乐观:在出口商品质量、效益和核心技术、单位出口能耗物耗以及服务贸易发展等诸多方面,与其他贸易大国相比仍有较大差距;与发达国家的贸易摩擦有增无减。这意味着中国并不是真正意义上的贸易强国。

材料三 为提高我国企业的竞争力,国务院出台了《关于进一步优化企业兼并重组市场环境的意见》,意见指出,要发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,由企业自主决策、自愿参与兼并重组,坚持市场化运作,避免违背企业意愿的“拉郎配”。

(1)说明材料一反映的经济信息。(5分)

(2)结合上述材料,运用经济生活知识,指出外贸企业如何为我国成为贸易强国做出自己的贡献。(10分)

(3)运用劳动价值论的知识分析企业兼并重组的原因?(9分)

答案

(1)(5分)2009至2013年以来,我国进口总额不断增长,低端出口产品占出口总额比重远远高于美国和德国,自主品牌出口比重低,我国出口商品结构不合理,自主创新能力不强。

(2)(10分)①面向市场制定正确的经营战略。(1分)②提高自主创新能力,依靠科技进步,形成自己的竞争优势,提高出口商品的技术含量。(2分)③树立良好的信誉和企业形象,提高出口产品质量和服务水平。(2分)④转变经济发展方式,承担相应社会责任,优化出口产品结构,降低出口商品能耗物耗。(3分)⑤利用世界贸易规则,提高应对贸易摩擦的能力,维护企业的合法权益。(1分)⑥促进加工贸易转型升级,发展服务贸易。(1分)

(3)(9分)

价值规律是商品经济的基本规律,企业兼并重组是价值规律作用的必然结果。(1分)

①自发地使社会资源在不同的生产部门之间流动。(3分)

②促使商品生产者提高劳动生产率,有利于技术进步和社会生产力的发展。(3分)

③实现优胜劣汰。(2分)

题目分析:

(1)考生在回答本题时,首先要明确图表题的解题步骤。图表题信息解读,首先是读表头,把握主旨;其次是读数据,了解具体内容。在读数据时,要坚持纵向找规律,横向找差距的原则。最后是读小注,做出必要的补充。根据这一步骤,考生很容易得出本题图表反映的信息是近年来我国进口总额不断增长,低端出口产品占出口总额比重远远高于美国和德国,自主品牌出口比重低,我国出口商品结构不合理,自主创新能力不强。

(2)本题属于如何做的解答题。考生在回答本题时,可以首先结合企业的生产和经营的知识,从指定正确的经营战略、形成自己的竞争优势、诚信经营,树立良好的信誉和形象的知识回答;其可以从积极承担社会责任,转变经济发展方式,节能减排;还可以从利用世界贸易规则,提高应对贸易摩擦的能力,维护企业的合法权益;最后还可以从转变对外经济发展方式的角度分析说明要促进加工贸易转型升级。

(3)考生在回答本题时,首先可以明确的是兼并和重组是价值规律作用的结果,然后分别从实现优胜劣汰、自发地使社会资源在不同的生产部门之间流动、促使商品生产者提高劳动生产率,有利于技术进步和社会生产力的发展的角度进行分别说明兼并和重组的意义即可。

单项选择题

Walking through my train yesterday, staggering from my seat to the buffet and back, I counted five people reading Harry Potter novels. Not children-these were real grown-ups reading children’s books,
Maybe that would have been understandable. If these people had jumped whole-heartedly into a second childhood it would have made more sense. But they were card-carrying grown-ups with laptops and spreadsheets returning from sales meetings and seminars. Yet they chose to read a children’s book.
I don’t imagine you’ll find this headcount exceptional. You can no longer get on the London Tube and not see a Harry Potter book. Nor is it just the film; these throwback readers were out there in droves long before the movie campaign opened.
So who are these adult readers who have made JK Rowling the second-biggest female earner in Britain (after Madonna) As I have tramped along streets knee-deep in Harry Potter paperbacks, I’ve mentally slotted them into three groups.
First come the Never-Readers, whom Harry has enticed into opening a book. Is this a bad thing Probably not. Writing has many advantages over film, but it can never compete with its magnetic punch. If these books can re-establish the novel as a thrilling experience for some people, then this can only be for the better. If it takes obsession-level hype to lure them into a bookshop. that’s fine by me. But will they go on to read anything else Again, we can only hope.
The second group are the Occasional Readers. These people claim that tiredness, work and children allow them to read only a few books a year. Yet now—to be part of the crowd, to say they’ve read it—they put Harry Potter on their oh-so-select reading list. It’s infuriating, and maddening. Yes, I’m a writer myself, currently writing difficult, unreadable, hopefully unsettling novels, but there are so many other good books out there, so much rewarding, enlightening, enlarging works of fiction for adults; and yet these sad cases are swept along by the hype, the faddism, into reading a children’s book.
The third group are the Regular Readers, for whom Harry is sandwiched between McEwan (英国当代作家) and Balzac, Roth (德国现代诗人) and Dickens. This is the real baffler—what on earth do they get out of reading it Why bother But if they call rattle through it in a week just to say they ve been there—like going to Longleat (朗利特山庄英国名胜) or the Eiffel Tower—the worst they’re doing is encouraging others.

The main culprit for this madness about Harry Potter is most probably ______.

A.JK Rowling

B.the publisher

C.the media hype

D.its thrilling stories

单项选择题