问题 论述题

(26分)阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料:早在2009年,光伏行业就被国家定位为十大产能过剩行业之一。但能创造高额GDP的光伏行业,仍然吸引了很多地方政府和企业竞相上马。S企业就是在地方政府的全方位扶持下不断扩大生产规模并迅猛发展为全球四大光伏企业之一。由于缺乏核心技术,S企业只能与美、韩企业签订长期订单,高价购入原料,而市场价格的波动使之背负巨大的成本压力。在未来技术路线的选择上,企业投入3亿多美元建成的生产线,因缺乏竞争力而不得不很快就停产。2013年3月,该企业被法院裁定实施破产重整。

(1)概述上图反映的经济问题。(4分)

(2)运用经济生活的有关知识分析实行企业破产制度的积极意义。(10分)

(3)运用政治生活知识,结合材料说明政府在产业结构调整中应如何正确履行职能。(12分)

答案

(1)2007年以来该企业的销售收入和成本不断上升,2009年以后升幅更大,但净利润一直很低,2010年起净利润由盈转亏,企业亏损严重。( 4分)

(2)①通过企业破产可以淘汰落后的企业,有利于社会资源和产业结构的优化调整。(3分)

②通过企业破产可以促使企业增强风险意识,努力提高企业的竞争力。(2分)

③引导企业和政府尊重市场规律,完善市场机制和竞争机制,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。(3分)

④促使企业和政府树立科学发展的理念,实现经济可持续健康发展。(2分)

(3)①坚持对人民负责的原则,树立求真务实的工作作风,克服盲目追求GDP的政绩观。(4分)

②坚持依法行政,规范权力运行,要处理好政府与市场的关系,加快职能转变,切实履行服务和监管职能。(4分)

③坚持科学、民主、依法决策,建立健全决策问责和纠错制度,自觉接受群众监督。(4分)

题目分析:

本题第一问要求概述图表反映的经济问题,此类题应该数据注意变化的趋势及幅度的大小,并且注意重要年份和拐点,2007年以来该企业的销售收入和成本不断上升,2009年以后升幅更大,但净利润一直很低,2010年起净利润由盈转亏,最后,我们可以得到结论企业亏损严重。

本题第二问要求运用经济生活的有关知识分析实行企业破产制度的积极意义。注意本题的材料限定为企业破产制度,角度限定为“积极意义”,对意义类的题可以从不同主体去组织答案,本题可以从对企业的意义、对产业的意义,对政府的意义不同方面去回答,通过企业破产可以淘汰落后的企业,有利于社会资源和产业结构的优化调整。通过企业破产可以促使企业增强风险意识,努力提高企业的竞争力。引导企业和政府尊重市场规律,完善市场机制和竞争机制,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。促使企业和政府树立科学发展的理念,实现经济可持续健康发展。最后一点相当于现实意义,即科学发展观。

本题第三问要求运用政治生活知识,结合材料说明政府在产业结构调整中应如何正确履行职能。注意本题为指定主体的题目,题型为措施类的,但不能只答职能,还应该联系政府的原则、依法行政、接受监督等去组织答案。坚持对人民负责的原则,树立求真务实的工作作风,坚持依法行政,规范权力运行,要处理好政府与市场的关系,加快职能转变,切实履行服务和监管职能。坚持科学、民主、依法决策等。做好本问的关键是不能限定于政府职能,应该认识审读设问,判断出其要求回答如何正确履行职能,而不是怎么样履行职能。

问答题

Anna lived on the side of a valley (山谷). One winter, there was a very big flood, and a lot of houses down below Anna’s house were washed away. Anna’s house was high enough to escape the flood, so when the water had disappeared and the other houses were standing there with no roofs and walls and all covered with mud, her house was still quite all right. That year Anna’s was very lucky.

Her house was quite small and there were only two small bedrooms, her husband was dead when the children were very young, and she had four children, but Anna took in one of the families that had lost everything in the flood and she shared her home with them until it was possible for them to rebuild their house.

Anna’s friends were very puzzled (困惑) when they saw Anna do this. They could not understand why Anna wanted to give herself so much more work and trouble when she had already quite a lot of children to support. Life would be even harder when another family joined them.

"Well," Anna explained to her friends, "at the end of the First World War, a woman in the town where I then lived in Germany found herself very poor, because her husband had been killed in the war and she had a lot of children, as I have now. "

"The day before Christmas, this woman said to her children, ’We won’t have much for Christmas this year, so I am going to get only one gift for all of us and I am sure we will all be glad to have it. Now I’ll go and get it.’ She came back with a little girl who was even poorer than they, and who had no parents. ’Here is our gift,’ she said to her children. "

"The children were very excited and happy to get such a gift. They welcomed the little girl, and she grew up as their sister, I was just that Christmas gift. \

When did Anna live in Germany()

问答题 简答题