问题 多选题

极光是由来自宇宙空间的高能带电粒子流进入地极附近的大气层后,由于地磁场的作用而产生的.如图所示,科学家发现并证实,这些高能带电粒子流向两极做螺旋运动,旋转半径不断减小.此运动形成的原因是(  )

A.可能是洛伦兹力对粒子做负功,使其动能减小

B.可能是介质阻力对粒子做负功,使其动能减小

C.可能是粒子的带电量减小

D.南北两极的磁感应强度较强

答案

A、地球的磁场由南向北,当带负电的宇宙射线粒子垂直于地面向赤道射来时,根据左手定则可以判断粒子的受力的方向为向西,所以粒子将向西偏转;当带正电的宇宙射线粒子垂直于地面向赤道射来时,根据左手定则可以判断粒子的受力的方向,粒子受到的洛伦兹力始终与速度垂直,所以洛伦兹力不做功,故A错误;

B、粒子在运动过程中可能受到空气的阻力,对粒子做负功,所以其动能会减小,故B正确;

C、粒子在运动过程中,若电量减小,由洛伦兹力提供向心力,得出的半径公式,可知,当电量减小时,半径是增大.故C错误;

D、粒子在运动过程中,南北两极的磁感应强度较强,由洛伦兹力提供向心力,得出的半径公式,可知,当磁感应强度增加时,半径是减小.故D正确.

故选:BD

选择题
填空题

Questions 9-18


·Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page.

Apples: The Live Longer Fruit


0. Apples have been a product of healthy eating for many years, and the often-repeated line of an apple a day keeping the doctor away is far from a myth. Apples really do have a wonderful variety of nutritional benefits, and are a tasty addition to any diet of good health and longevity. Below is a list of the top five benefits of making apples a standard part of your daily diet.
1. Pectin (果胶) is a source of dietary fiber and a very handy nutrient to have in one’s diet. While it is also found in oranges, plums, and other fruits, apples have the highest concentration of them all. Pectin works to increase the stool’s volume and resistance of fluids and is therefore helpful in treating constipation, diarrhea, and generally improving the health of the bowels (肠) .
2. A study on nutrition and heart disease found that eating three apples a day for three months can help you to drop your cholesterol by at least 20 points. How does this happen Apple pectin, that miraculous source of dietary fiber, helps to draw bad LDL cholesterol out of the system. Not only that, but the antioxidant quercetin(栎皮酮)that is found in apples inhibits the LDL cholesterol from even accumulating in the body’s bloodstream.
3. The high amounts of quercetin, other flavonoids (类黄酮) , and phytochemicals (植物化学 因子) found in this fruit deliver potent antioxidant activity to all who eat an apple, and with that inhibit the actions of free radicals. In addition, the phytochemicals may act against cancer-causing substances, which will likewise help to prevent cancer. This means that apple eating prevents cancer of the prostate (前列腺) and lung, as well as other parts of the body.
4. There may have been many generations of explorers that sought the fountain of youth, but all they had to do was fight the daily stresses of life with a tasty apple! The phytochemicals that come from the bright colors you find in the skins of your favorite apple variety, along with aiding the apple’s ability to lower cholesterol and fight cancer, also inhibits the onset of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and other conditions that lead to potentially weakening situations in old age.
5. If keeping a full head of hair will help you to age more gracefully, then chow down on some apples. Chinese medicine considers hair loss to be a sign of a reduced kidney essence, and apples are on the list of fruits and vegetables that will help you to restore this essence and nourish the blood that flows to your hair follicles (毛囊) .

Questions 9-13


·For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below.
·For each numbered paragraph (1-5). mark one letter (A -G) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
  • A. Apples lower cholesterol.
  • B. Apples benefit young and old.
  • C. Apples slow the aging process.
  • D. Apples reduce the risk of cancer.
  • E. Apples help to prevent hair loss.
  • F. Apples enrich people’s diet.
  • G. Apples improve the bowels.


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