2013年全球国际专利申请量首次突破20万大关。其中，中国取代德国成为世界第三。这里的“专利”从法律上说属于
A．智力成果权
B．消费者权益
C．合法财产权
D．隐私和隐私权
Ａ
题目分析：智力成果:主要指依靠人类脑力劳动所创造的劳动成果，表现为科学技术成就、发明创造以及文学艺术作品等。智力成果权，也称知识产权，通常包括著作权、专利权和商标权、以及反不正当竞争中的商业秘密等。题文中的“专利”属于智力成果权，所以答案选Ａ。
| In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfill their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing. And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade. Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis. With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff "golden handcuffs" — deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date — other organizations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year. But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual’s long-term ambitions. |
The problem referred to in the second paragraph is that ______.
A．(A) the government needs to create thousands of new IT posts
B．(B) the pool of skilled IT people will get even smaller in the future
C．(C) company budgets for IT training have been decreasing steadily
D．(D) older IT professionals have no adequate training