结合具体的语言环境解释下面加粗的词语。 

(l)酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠：                     

(2)暂凭杯酒长精神：                     

(3)折戟沉沙铁未销：                     

(4)干戈寥落：                    

(5)留取丹心照汗青：                    

(6)高处不胜寒：                   

(7)何事长向别时圆：                    

(8)意踌躇：