问题 实验题

(8分)某同学用如图所示装置制取溴苯和溴乙烷。已知溴乙烷为无色液体,难溶于水,沸点为38.4℃,熔点为-119℃,密度为1.46 g·cm3

主要实验步骤如下:

①检查装置的气密性后,向烧瓶中加入一定量的苯和液溴。

②向锥形瓶中加入乙醇和浓H2SO4的混合液至稍高于进气导管口处。

③将A装置中的纯铁丝小心向下插入混合液中。

④点燃B装置中的酒精灯,用小火缓缓对锥形瓶加热10 min。

请填写下列空白:

(1)步骤③中观察到的现象是_____________________________________________。

(2)导管a的作用是_______________________________________________________。

(3)C装置中U形管内部用蒸馏水封住管底的作用是

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

(4)反应完毕后,U形管内的现象是____________________________________________;

分离溴乙烷时所用的最主要仪器的名称是(只填一种)____________________________。

(5)步骤④中能否用大火加热,理由是___________________________________。

(6)为证明溴和苯的上述反应是取代反应而不是加成反应,该同学用装置D代替装置B、C直接与A相连重新操作实验。

①装置D的锥形瓶中,小试管内的液体是________(填名称),其作用是________________;小试管外的液体是________(填名称),其作用是_________________。

②反应后,向锥形瓶中滴加________溶液,现象是__________________,其作用是____________________;装置D还可起到的作用是__________________________________。

答案

(1)剧烈反应,液体沸腾,烧瓶上方及导管a中有红棕色气体'(2)导气、冷凝回流'(3)溶解吸收HBr,防止HBr及产物逸出'(4)液体分层,上层为水层,下层为无色油状液体'分液漏斗'(5)不能,易发生副反应生成乙醚、乙烯等'(6)①苯'吸收挥发出的溴蒸气'水'吸收HBr气体'②AgNO3'生成浅黄色沉淀'检验Br的存在,证明发生的是取代反应'防止倒吸

这是一个综合性较强的实验题,连续制备两种产品:溴苯和溴乙烷,反应方程式为:+Br2FeBr3+HBr,CH3CH2OH+HBr―→CH3CH2Br+H2O。

(1)溴与苯的反应为放热反应,会有溴蒸气产生;

(2)a导管很长,除导出HBr外,还起到冷凝回流的作用,使苯蒸气和溴蒸气回流到烧瓶中继续反应;

(3)U形管内的蒸馏水用来溶解吸收HBr,防止HBr及CH3CH2Br逸出;

(4)反应完毕,U形管内会发生液体分层现象,上层为水层,下层为无色油状液体(溴乙烷),可用分液漏斗进行分液;

(5)步骤④不能用大火加热,否则乙醇在浓H2SO4存在条件下发生副反应生成乙醚、乙烯等;

(6)要证明溴与苯的反应是取代反应,必须检验有HBr生成。

①装置D的锥形瓶中小试管内应装苯,用于吸收溴蒸气;小试管外的液体为水,用于吸收HBr气体。

②反应后可向锥形瓶中滴加AgNO3溶液,产生浅黄色沉淀(AgBr),证明发生的是取代反应。同时装置D还可防止倒吸。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Forget Britney Spears, who is the new pop princess that makes thousands of

American teenage girls scream with excitement at her concerts and rush to the store to

buy her latest CD?

     The answer is Miley Cyrus. After starring in popular TV shows and hit movies, the

16yearold released her fifth album, The Tim e of Our Lives, on August 28.Its lead

single, Party in the US.A., is wildly popular.

     Cyrus has built her success largely on a role she has played. On TV and the silver

screen, Miley Cyrus is Miley Stewart.She is popular at school during the day and at

night, she is a famous pop singer named Hannah Montana.

     Her soaring popularity goes to her head. So Stewart's father takes her home from

Los Angeles to Tennessee, a southern US state, for a dose of reality(体验生活). The

journey kicks_off an adventure filled with fun, laughter and romance.

     While there, she has to cope with her city girl's unfamiliarity with country life and

gradually learn what family is all about.

     "Hannah Montana, at heart, is every Disney princess show you've ever seen," writes

Michael O'Sullivan, a reporter with the Washington Post."Only with a limo(房车)instead

of a pumpkinturnedcoach(南瓜马车), a microphone stand instead of a magic wand

(魔法棒)and a prince who wears a cowboy hat."

     But the journey of looking for one's inner self goes beyond the big screen. Actress Miley

Cyrus has a celebrity father, Billy Ray Cyrus, a famous country singer.The teenager

doesn't want people to think she has taken a shortcut to success."It's about how I find

out who I am. I get to know that you need to be able to take time to realize who you are,"

she said."I don't want to be some celebrity's daughter, just be me."

1.Which of the following statements is NOT TURE according to the passage?______

A.Miley Cyrus released five albums when she was sixteen years old.

B.The Time of Our Lives is her fifth album.

C.Party in the US.A. is very popular.

D.Thousands of American teenagers rush to the store to buy Miley's latest CD.

2.Why did his father take her to the country?______

A.Because she got dizzy with success.

B.Because she wanted to play in the movies.

C.Because she wanted to make adventure.

D.Because her father liked country life.

3.What's the meaning of the underlined words "kicks off" in the fourth paragraph?______

A.sets out

B.ends up with

C.goes through

D.suffers from

4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?______

A.Miley wants to take a shortcut success.

B.Miley's father is a famous country singer.

C.Miley wants to succeed by herself.

D.Teenagers like her father.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题