问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

一男性,66岁。慢性咳嗽20余年,近5年来呼吸困难渐进性加重来诊,现勉强能够自理生活。体检:消瘦,静息时亦气急,呈耸肩张口状。医生嘱其练习缩唇深呼气,理由是()

A.改善肺泡-毛细血管膜氧交换

B.减少呼吸运动氧耗量

C.改善肺内气体分布

D.纠正通气/血流比率失调

E.不使肺泡-口腔压力梯度下降过快,避免气道陷闭

答案

参考答案:E

解析:肺气肿患者支气管和细支气管支撑力削弱,气道等压点向周围移动,主动用力呼气胸腔压升高会压迫等压点以及外周较小气道,引起气道陷闭。缩唇缓慢深呼气增加口腔部位阻力,避免肺泡-口腔压力梯度下降过快,使等压点移向中央气道,使外周小气道保持较大的腔内压,呼气时小气道不能过快地陷闭,有利于减少功能残气量,改善气体交换。

填空题


A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not (1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two (2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for (3) ; second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will (4) . The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write (5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the (6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest (7) and communication hardware and software.
Does a born and bred bilingual (8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in (9) There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. (10) , a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing (11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what (12) known as a lingua-ism, a state in which a person lacks (13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals (14) don’t know the culture of the target language well enough to (15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language (16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they (17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often (18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.
On (19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the sam0e in-depth (20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.

判断题