问题 问答题 简答题

简述调和对比和比例协调。

答案

参考答案:

调和与对比反映了矛盾的两种状态,是多样统一的基本类型,属于物质材料的组合规律中的整体组合。调和是在差异中趋向于“同”(一致),对比是在差异中倾向于“异”(对立)。

调和是把两个相接近的东西相并列,是多种非对立因素互相联系的统一所形成不太显著的变化。调和使人感到融和、协调,在变化中保持一致。

对比是各种对立因素之间的统一,是把两种极不相同的东西并列在一起。使人感到鲜明、醒目、振奋、活跃。无论调和,还是对比,都有变化,在变化中显示出多样统一的美。

比例是指一体事物整体与局部以及局部与局部之间的关系。事物形式要素之间的匀称和比例,是人们在实践活动中通过对自然事物的总结抽象出来的。例如我们平时所说的“匀称”,就包含了一定的比例关系。古代宋玉所谓“增之一分则太长,减之一分则太短”就是指的比例关系。

西方蔡辛克认为黄金分割的比例最能引起人的美感。所谓黄金分割,即大小(宽长)的比例相当大小二者之和与大者之间的比例。列为公式是A、:B、=(A、十B、):A、。实际上大约五比三,一般书籍、报纸大多采用这种比例。蔡辛克还把黄金分割的定律运用到说明人体各部分的比例。在绘画中,采用“立七,坐屋,盘三半”。

名词解释
单项选择题

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute(19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

第(13)空应选择()

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than