下列几种变异，能够遗传的是
A．肉质佳的母牛产下一头产奶多的牛
B．长期在野外工作的人皮肤变黑
C．长在荫蔽处的小麦比阳光下的麦杆细
D．水肥充足，水稻就穗大粒多
答案：A
题目分析：遗传是指亲子间的相似性，变异是指子代与亲代之间的差异，子代个体之间的差异的现象．按照变异对生物是否有利分为有利变异和不利变异．有利变异对生物生存是有利的，不利变异对生物生存是不利的．按照变异的原因可以分为可遗传的变异和不遗传的变异．可遗传的变异是由遗传物质改变引起的，可以遗传给后代；由环境改变引起的变异，是不遗传的变异，不能遗传给后代．长期在野外工作的人皮肤变黑、长在荫蔽处的小麦比阳光下的麦杆细、水肥充足，水稻就穗大粒多，都是环境改变引起的变异，遗传物质没有改变，不能遗传给后代，是不可遗传的变异；肉质佳的母牛产下一头产奶多的牛，是由遗传物质改变引起的，可以遗传给后代，是可遗传的变异．故选A．
| While some international couriers are showing signs of exhaustion, EMS (Express Mail Service), the generic name for the courier services of post offices, seems to be finding its stride. Known as Datapost in Britain, as Chronopost in France, and as Al-Barid al-Mumtaz in Saudi Arabia, EMS is now second in the international courier business (jointly with TNT Skypack). Last year it delivered 5.6 million items, weighing less than 20 kilograms each, across borders. That and its annual growth rate of around 5 percent have worried DHL, the market leader, enough for it to counter-attack in the Courts. On October 26, a Dutch judge ruled against DHL on all three counts filed against the Dutch post office: that the three-initial name was too close to DHL’s; that the orange lines in the EMS logo were too similar to DHL’s dark red ones; and that the claim to the widest route system in the world was unfounded. DHL has threatened the Swiss post office with similar action, but it may reconsider after the Dutch ruling. EMS has some advantages over the private couriers. One is a dense ready-made network of offices, especially in Europe, the avowed target area of the private couriers. Another advantage is a long tradition of working with customs authorities. In a business where minutes count, it pays to have good friends at customs. That advantage particularly irritates the private couriers because there is no legal way to combat such unquantifiable coziness. The private courier services are also annoyed because in countries like Switzerland and Italy, where the post office is officially a monopoly, they pay it a fee. In Switzerland DHL says it pays more than SFr lm ($708,000) "to the competition" each year. In France the couriers have won a battle for exoneration. Although governments are under little pressure to keep prices artificially low, EMS is often cheaper than the private couriers, but not always. A recent test in Britain(on a domestic route)showed Datapost about halfway between the least and the most expensive, but gave it full marks for speed and service. Each national EMS is free to set its rates and follow its own rules on things like bulk discounts. The Universal Postal Union, based in Berne, determines how costs and revenues are split between sending and receiving countries, and standardizes procedures. More than 100 postal administrations have linked into the system — and more are coming, including Russia’s. That makes the feisty EMS particularly happy since its rivals have not been allowed to serve anywhere in Russia. |
Which of the following can be inferred about Russia
A．Russia needed to compete with other European countries in EMS.
B．There were no private courier services in Russia.
C．The postal administration in Russia linked with the network long ago.
D．Russia was quite hesitant in the international cooperation.