问题 单项选择题

在美国商界,有很多人反对政府对商业的干预。他们认为,这种=F预提高了商业成本,削弱了有益的竞争,最终对企业和公众都不利。他们列举了货车运输业、航空业和电讯业这样一些行业,在这些行业中非干预政策带来了明显的经济效益。但这些人所持的观点忽略了诸如金融业这样一些行业,政府干预在这些行业中是至关重要的。事实上在30年代,如果没有政府的干预,这个行业中某些部分会彻底崩溃。 以下哪项,最为恰当地指出了题干所使用的方法

A.通过反例来驳斥对方的观点。

B.指出对方的观点中存在着前后矛盾。

C.对对方立论的动机提出疑问。

D.对对方论据的真实性提出质疑。

E.指出对方在论证中运用的是不正确的推理。

答案

参考答案:A

解析:题干中美国商界很多人通过列举货车运输业、航空业和电信业等行业,归纳出一般性的结论:政府干预商业是不应该的。但题干作者则举出金融业这个反例来进行反驳,即在金融行业中政府干预是至关重要的。题干的论证属于用一个反例来驳倒对方的一般性论断的直接反驳方法。相当于中国古代逻辑著作《墨经》所说的一种重要的反驳方式“止”(即使得对方停止的意思)。《墨经》说:“彼以其然者,以为此其然也,则举不然者而间之。”即对方通过列举正面事例,就得出一个全称结论,这时我就用一个反面事例来驳难。

阅读理解

Section B Task-based reading 10%

Directions:The people below are all looking for a place for different purposes. After the description of these people, there is information about six places A-F. Decide which place would be most suitable for the person mentioned in questions 61-65 and then mark the correct (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one place which you do not need to use.

A.Literature Camp: A group of famous writers will be present at the camp, offering studies in the development of Chinese literature from 1919 to 1949.You will visit seven museums relating to contemporary (当代的) literature.

B.Exciting Holiday Camp:You can enjoy yourself climbing, sailing and swimming taught by trained adults in a camp near a lake. All meals are provided. The camp is open throughout June, July and August, and each session lasts for two weeks. It aims at boys and girls aged 9 to 14.

C.Seagull (海鸥) Sailing Holidays: Suitable for all ages. You can learn to sail in three weeks. We offer teaching from qualified staff. Flats or apartments are provided in a beautiful, quiet fishing village. Breakfast, dinner and a packed lunch are included in the price of the holiday.

D.Grace Island Hotel: Short stays (3 —4 days) available. Famous for its excellent cooking, the hotel provides opportunities to relax and enjoy the heated swimming pool, beautiful music and top class bars and restaurants, with entertainment every night. All rooms have a sea view.E. Students’Working Holidays: A really cheap but healthy holiday. You can enjoy picking fruit in the heart of France. Accommodation (住宿) provided in farmhouses. All meals included. Free transportation is also provided. Why not write for further details?

F. History Tours: We offer tours to Egypt with guides. The tour includes lectures about the history of Egypt and visits to museums. Travel by coach or riverboat. Accommodation in top hotels. Tours last 2 — 3 weeks.

61.____ Mike and Susan are university students. They want to take a holiday this summer, but they don’t have much money. They are dreaming of going to France.

62.____ Bill Smith is a businessman. He is tired and needs a rest, but he does not have much time for a holiday. He wants to get away from city life and stay somewhere near the sea. He is interested in cooking.

63.____ Susan has three weeks to spend on holiday. She doesn’t like sports, and she doesn’t like relaxing on the beach either. She enjoys sightseeing and learning about foreign countries’ history.

64. ____Kelly studies Chinese in Beijing. She is interested in Chinese literature. She has some free time and would like to attend some kind of activity to learn about Chinese modern literature.

65. ____Mr. and Mrs. Wilson and their three sons like outdoor holidays. They have never tried sailing, but they would like to learn. During their three-week holiday, they want to enjoy themselves in a beautiful, quiet fishing village.

填空题