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问题 单项选择题 A1型题

2～12岁小儿平均身长（cm）推算公式是（）

A.年龄×7+75

B.年龄×5+70

C.年龄×6+80

D.年龄×7+80

E.年龄×9+80

答案

参考答案：A

解析：小儿的身长与种族、营养、遗传、内分泌、运动等因素有关。年龄越小增长越快，并有婴儿期和青春期两个生长高峰。出生时身长约为50cm，生后第一年身长增长最快，约为25cm，前3个月增长11～12cm，与后9个月增长量相当。2～12岁身长计算公式为年龄×7+75，所以本题选A。

填空题

Today, we’ll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children. Children should be (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: (2) . A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but (5) .
The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers (7) . Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to (9) .
One of the possible explanations is that children might have (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively (12) in their children’s life," the authors write.
However, they stressed that (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present (15) when in pain," say the authors.
Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might (18) .
In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should (19) to watch television during painful procedures (20) .
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单项选择题

龈下菌斑内的可动菌是

A．牙龈卟啉单胞菌

B．梭形杆菌

C．螺旋体

D．普氏菌

E．放线菌
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