问题 问答题

如图,ABCD是边长为a的正方形.质量为m、电荷量为e的电子以大小为v0的初速度沿纸面垂直于BC变射入正方形区域.在正方形内适当区域中有匀强磁场.电子从BC边上的任意点入射,都只能从A点射出磁场.不计重力,求:

(1)此匀强磁场区域中磁感应强度的方向和大小;

(2)此匀强磁场区域的最小面积.

答案

(1)设匀强磁场的磁感应强度的大小为B.令圆弧

AEC
是自C点垂直于BC入射的电子在磁场中的运行轨道.电子所受到的磁场的作用力f=ev0B

应指向圆弧的圆心,因而磁场的方向应垂直于纸面向外.圆弧

AEC
的圆心在CB边或其延长线上.依题意,圆心在A、C连线的中垂线上,故B 点即为圆心,圆半径为a按照牛顿定律有f=m
v20
2

联立①②式得B=

mv0
ea

(2)由(1)中决定的磁感应强度的方向和大小,可知自C点垂直于BC入射电子在A点沿DA方向射出,且自BC边上其它点垂直于入射的电子的运动轨道只能在BAEC区域中.因而,圆弧

AEC
是所求的最小磁场区域的一个边界.

为了决定该磁场区域的另一边界,我们来考察射中A点的电子的速度方向与BA的延长线交角为θ(不妨设0≤θ<

π
2
)的情形.该电子的运动轨迹qpA如图所示.

图中,圆

AP
的圆心为O,pq垂直于BC边,由③式知,圆弧

AP
的半径仍为a,在D为原点、DC为x轴,AD为y轴的坐标系中,P点的坐标(x,y)为
x=asinθ④
y=-[a-(z-acosθ)]=-acosθ⑤

这意味着,在范围0≤θ≤

π
2
内,p点形成以D为圆心、a为半径的四分之一圆周

AFC
,它是电子做直线运动和圆周运动的分界线,构成所求磁场区域的另一边界.

因此,所求的最小匀强磁场区域时分别以B和D为圆心、a为半径的两个四分之一圆周

AEC

AFC
所围成的,其面积为S=2(
1
4
πa2-
1
2
a2)=
π-2
2
a2

完形填空

Most Canadian families love to have holidays 1 summer. Summer is a good season 2 holidays. It is very hot during the months of July and August. Children do not have any classes during these3months.

Some 4 like to stay at home during the holiday. They work in the garden, visit friends, 5 books, or 6 TV. Many families 7 their lunch to a park or somewhere far 8the city. They like to eat where there are many trees or there is a nice lake. If they live near the sea, they often go to the beach. They can fish, swim or enjoy the sun there.

Canada is a large country. Many families travel by 9 or by train to see interesting places. They also travel by plane to a foreign country. Many big cities have many famous buildings, theatres, shops and other places 10travelers.

小题1:A. for            B. in             C. on

小题2: A. to             B. of             C. for

小题3: A. one            B. two           C. three

小题4: A. people         B. peoples        C. man

小题5:A. see           B. watch         C. read

小题6: A. see            B. watch         C. look

小题7: A. takes          B. take           C. look

小题8: A. from          B. away         C. to

小题9: A. car            B. a car         C. their car

小题10: A. for            B. in            C. on

填空题