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问题 单项选择题

合理使用抗菌药物的先决条件是（）

A.确立病原学诊断

B.熟悉选用药物的适应证、抗菌活性、药动学和不良反应

C.根据患者的生理、病理、免疫状态选药

D.某些情况下应严格控制抗微生物药物的应用

E.确定药物可能导致的不良反应

答案

参考答案：A

多项选择题 案例分析题

患者女，40岁，因“尿频、尿急、尿痛及血尿3个月”来诊。尿常规：大量白细胞和少量红细胞。声像图表现见下图。

为明确诊断，需要进一步检查（）。

A.红细胞沉降率

B.肾功能

C.结核菌素试验

D.尿结核菌培养

E.肾、输尿管和膀胱（KUB.X线片

F.静脉肾盂造影（IVP）

G.放射性核素扫描
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填空题


Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a (6) stun of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) . In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.
The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.
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