问题 问答题

如图所示,在坐标系xOy内有一半径为a的圆形区域,圆心坐标为O1(a,0),圆内分布有垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场.在直线y=a的上方和直线x=2a的左侧区域内,有一沿y轴负方向的匀强电场,场强大小为E.一质量为m、电荷量为+q(q>0)的粒子以速度v从O点垂直于磁场方向射入,当速度方向沿x轴正方向时,粒子恰好从O1点正上方的A点射出磁场,不计粒子重力.

(1)求磁感应强度B的大小;

(2)粒子在第一象限内运动到最高点时的位置坐标;

(3)若粒子以速度v从O点垂直于磁场方向射入第一象限,当速度方向沿x轴正方向的夹角θ=30°时,求粒子从射入磁场到最终离开磁场的时间t.

答案

(1)设粒子在磁场中做圆运动的轨迹半径为R,根据牛顿第二定律,有

 qvB=

mv2
R

粒子自A点射出,由几何知识  

R=a

解得  

B=

mv
qa

即磁感应强度B的大小为

mv
qa

(2)粒子从A点向上在电场中做匀减运动,

设在电场中减速的距离为y1

由动能定理,得到

-Eqy1=0-

1
2
mv2

解得

y1=

mv2
2Eq

所以在电场中最高点的坐标为(a,a+

mv2
2Eq
).

(3)粒子的运动轨迹如图

粒子在磁场中做圆运动的周期  T=

2πa
v

粒子从磁场中的P点射出,因磁场圆和粒子的轨迹圆的半径相等,OO1PO2构成菱形,故粒子从P点的出射方向与y轴平行,粒子由O到P所对应的圆心角为:θ1=60°

由几何知识可知,粒子由P点到x轴的距离

S=acosθ

粒子在电场中做匀变速运动,在电场中运动的时间  

t1=

2mv
qE

粒子由P点第2次进入磁场,

由Q点射出,PO1QO3 构成菱形,

由几何知识可知Q点在x轴上,粒子由P到Q的偏向角为:θ2=120°

则  θ12

粒子先后在磁场中运动的总时间 

 t2=

T
2

粒子在场区之间做匀速运动的时间

  t3=

2(a-S)
v

解得粒子从射入磁场到最终离开磁场的时间

t=t1+t2+t3=

(2+π-
3
)a
v
+
2mv
qE

故粒子从射入磁场到最终离开磁场的时间t为

(2+π-
3
)a
v
+
2mv
qE

完形填空
Mrs. Evens was home from work. She had just gone into the kitchen to make the afternoon tea _36_  she saw a mouse running around on the kitchen floor. She  37   and jumped up on the table. As soon as the mouse had disappeared, she jumped off from the  38 , rushed out of the kitchen, _39  her coat, ran out of the house and got on a bus  40  was going into the town. There she hurried into a shop and  41  a large mouse-trap(捕鼠夹). She wanted to put  42  to this mouse as quickly as  43  .
When she got home  44  the trap, she realized that she had forgotten  45  any cheese (奶酪)to put in it. She searched everywhere  46  there was  47  in the house. It was too late to buy any because now all the shops were  48  . She wondered what to do. In the end she  49  a clever idea. She took a pair of scissors and cut a picture of a piece of cheese  50  a magazine. Then she put the picture in the trap  51  a piece of cheese.
The next  52  Mrs. Evans came down to the  53  and went straight away to the place  54  she had put the trap. She wanted to see if her plan had  55 . The picture of the cheese had gone and in its place was a picture of a mouse.
小题1:
A.where B.what C.while D.when
小题2:
A.laughedB.criedC.surprisedD.pleased
小题3:
A.table B.floor C.house D.kitchen
小题4:
A.put on B.have on C.wore D.dressed in
小题5:
A.it B.when C.which D.as
小题6:
A.askedB.boughtC.soldD.left
小题7:
A.a cheeseB.an end C.a mouseD.a picture
小题8:
A.possible B.he could C.possibly D.she can
小题9:
A.for B.out C.with D.without
小题10:
A.to sell B.to eatC.to letD.to buy
小题11:
A.andB.soC.butD.or
小题12:
A.none B.not one C.no D.anything
小题13:
A.open B.shut C.close D.on show
小题14:
A.had B.brought C.thought D.used
小题15:
A.away B.by C.out of D.on
小题16:
A.instead of B.including C.instead D.with
小题17:
A.afternoonB.hour C.evening D.morning
小题18:
A.cooking roomB.bathroomC.reading roomD.sitting room
小题19:
A.that B.what C.which D.where
小题20:
A.worked B.tookC.changed D.made
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