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领导效能的影响因素可表述为领导=s（领导者、被领导者、环境），该模型对管理者的重要启示是什么？

答案

参考答案：

（1）管理工作的成效是一个综合性因素，领导者，被领导者的素质与能力，有利的内外环境因素都能对其效能产生重要影响。（2）领导工作的成效是动态的，随着被领导者素质的提高以及环境的变化，领导的管理方式是应变的，不存在一成不变的模式。（3）领导者作为三因素的主体，在管理成效方面发挥关键作用。

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若关于x的方程x-
1
x
+k=0在x∈（0，1）没有实数根，则k的取值范围为______．
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It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprise! — fall off. The label on a child’s batman cape cautions that toy "does not enable user to fly".
While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for instance — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.
Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sportswear in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We’re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren’t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete’s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute — a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight — issued new guidelines stating that companies need not warn customers of various dangers or bombard (轰炸) them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buries in a sea of trivialities." says a law professor at Comell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. "The information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability."
(365 words)

The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that recently some injury claims ______ .
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