问题 填空题

广泛应用于室内空调、电冰箱和微波炉等家用电器中的温度传感器,是利用热敏电阻随温度变化而变化的特性工作的。在图甲中,电源的电动势E =" 9.0" V,内电阻不可忽略;G为内阻不计的灵敏电流表;R0为保护电阻;R为热敏电阻,其电阻值与温度变化关系如图乙的R- t图象所示。则热敏电阻R与摄氏温度t的关系为R=_____________________;闭合电键S,当R的温度等于40℃时,电流表示数I1=2.25 mA,则当电流表的示数I2="3.6" mA时,热敏电阻R的温度是_______℃。

答案

R=-18.75t+4250120

分析:(1)从图线上取两个点,运用数学函数的知识得到电阻随温度变化的关系式即可;

(2)先根据闭合电路欧姆定律得到热敏电阻的电阻值,然后代入电阻值与温度的函数表达式得到对应的温度即可.

解答:解:(1)设热敏电阻的电阻值与温度关系表达式为:R=kt+R0

当t=40°C时,R=3.5kΩ,有,3.5=40k+R0         ①

当t=120°C时,R=2kΩ,有,2=120k+R0          ②

由①②解得,k=-,R0=4.25

故热敏电阻R随摄氏温度t变化的关系式为R=4.25-t(kΩ)=-18.75t+4250Ω

故答案为:-18.75t+4250Ω.

(2)R的温度等于40℃时,R=3.5kΩ,电流表示数I1=2.25mA,根据闭合电路欧姆定律,有

I1=,代入数据,解得,r+R0=0.5kΩ

当电流表的示数I2=3.6mA时,根据闭合电路欧姆定律,有,I2=

解得,R′=2.0kΩ,代入热敏电阻R随摄氏温度t变化的关系式:R=4.25-t(kΩ)

得到温度值为t=120°C

故答案为:120.

点评:本题关键先求解出热敏电阻R随摄氏温度t变化的关系式,然后根据闭合电路欧姆定律多次列式分析求解.

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