问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

A four-year-old girl is lying in the arm of a doctor. She has just become motherless. A few minutes ago,

a big bombing(轰炸) happened near her home in the south of Iraq.

    Every day we see pictures like this on our televisions. We see young Iraqi children asking for food

and  water from American and British soldiers as they move through towns and cities towards the

capital, Baghdad. We see these children following grown-ups, carrying bags of things almost the same

size as their small bodies as they quickly left their home in Baghdad.

    All this shows that some of the young lives have been turned upside down by the war. And they show

the terrible price being paid by Iraqi children.

    In southern parts of the country,like the second largest city,Basra,the UN is working to repair the

damage(毁坏) caused by the war. "We are working to provide clean water and get the electrical power

to work again , "said Geoffrey Keele , a UN spokesman.

    But little else can be done. In Baghdad, parents give their children sleeping pills to try and let them

escape the sound of bombing.And all the schools are closed. Some diseases break out among the

children, sometimes leading to death.

Nearly 50 % of the Iraqi population, which is over 20 million, is under 15 years old. And 30% of them

are suffering(遭受) from malnutrition(营养不良).

1.From the first paragraph , we know that __________.

A. the girl in the doctor's arm is dead

B. the girl's mother is looking for her

C.the girl's mother was killed during the bombing

D. the text tells us nothing about her mother

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 2?_________.

A. There are bombings every day in Iraq.

B. Children ask for water and food from the American and British soldiers.

C. Children with big bags are leaving their homes for Baghdad.

D. Baghdad is the capital of Iraq.

3.The second sentence in Paragraph 3 means __________.

A. the Iraqi children pay much money for what they need

B. the Iraqi children are suffering a lot in the war

C.some people sell children at a terrible price

D. the young lives have been turned upside down

4.How much help is the UN giving to the Iraqi children?__________.

A. They are helping them return to school.

B. They are giving them enough food and drinks.

C. They can do only a little.

D. They can do nothing.

5.The number of Iraqi children in malnutrition is about _________.

A. 20 million  

B. 10 million  

C. 6 million  

D. 3 million

答案

1-5CCBCD

单项选择题
阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

“敬”的当代价值

  对于孔子思想的认识,学界一般以“礼”和“仁”为核心,认为孔子继承了周礼,发展出“仁”的思想,因而着重探讨两者的关系及其当代性意义。其实,在“礼”和“仁”之中还有更本质性的精神内涵,这种精神内涵可以用“敬”来概括。

  礼最早是祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。在那些高高在上的“天”“神”面前,人自然产生敬畏的心理。其中的敬,出于内心的崇拜仰慕,而畏则是害怕受到惩罚。最早的礼活动即内含着这种敬畏的心情。

  礼由祭祀的仪式活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式时,“敬”作为内质也留存下来。这种“敬”保障了礼的实践可能性,而且其发自内心,也即出于天赋,由“敬”而发的礼活动也就合乎天理,具有道德价值。因此在国家政治活动中要求“敬”,社会的一切活动和个人的修养也以“敬”为内核。    

  孔子继承“礼”的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神。在《论语》中,“敬”出现21次,频率颇高。这些关于“敬”的阐述,有继承,也有发展。关于祭祀活动,孔子继承了上古对“天”和“神”的敬仰态度,强调“祭如在,祭神如神在”,“祭思敬”。即使“敬鬼神而远之”一语,强调实践理性的重要性,也告诫对于鬼神要有敬畏的心态。关于政治活动,孔子也承传了西周以来的敬谨精神,故而回答鲁哀公说:“治礼,敬为大。”孔子对于“敬”的发展,在于把它扩展为普通人对待物事的敬业精神。“敬”原本主要表现在人对神、臣民对君王等下对上的关系上,孔子以后则成为所有社会成员为人做事的基本原则。《论语》出现的21次“敬”中,关于敬事的即有18次。而且,由“礼”中发展出来的“仁”也以“敬”为本。一般认为,“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,故而许多学人着重以“仁”为核心建构孔子的思想体系。其实,“仁”之中也必有“敬”的精神。没有发自内心的“敬”,也就没有真切的仁爱之情。  

  这种“敬”的思想较之“礼”和“仁”更是人类社会的本质需要,具有当代意义。“礼”和“仁”的思想建立在小农业文明的基础上。小农业社会的基本单位是家庭,国家不过是一个家族对其他家族的统治,个人也只是家庭成员,而家庭主要由血缘关系构成。当代社会,已经走出了小农业文明时代,家庭在社会结构中的作用也越来越式微。而由于“仁”的观念是基于血缘关系之上的,有着疏近等差的特性,因而在现代社会中就会带有一定的局限性。与此不同,“敬”是人类在远古时期就普遍存在的精神状态,是人作为有限性的个体,面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的。从远古主要对于自然的敬畏,到殷周以后更多对于社会中年长者、位尊者的敬重,再到孔子普遍要求的为人行事的敬业,“敬”的外延在扩大,而所抽象的内涵一直延伸着。  (选自《光明日报》2009年10月20日,有删改)

1.下列选项中关于“敬”的解说,不正确的一项是( )

A.“敬”最早源于我国远古时期祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。

B.“敬”以其发自内心、出于天赋的特性而成为一切社会活动和个人修养的“内核”。

C.“敬”作为人类普遍存在的精神状态,它的产生和发展体现了历史的必然性。

D.“敬”是人作为有限性的个体在面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的一种精神状态。

2.下列选项对“仁”“礼”“敬”之间关系的解释不正确的一项是( )

A.“礼”和“仁”都以“敬”为本,“敬”保障了“礼”和“仁”的发展可能。

B.孔子继承周礼的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神,并从“礼”中发展出了“仁”。

C.比起“礼”和“仁”来,“敬”的思想更能代表孔子的思想,更符合人类社会的本质需要。

D.“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,二者之中都有“敬”的精神内涵。

3.下列表述符合原文意思的一项是( )

A.“敬”保障了“礼”的实践可能性,因此使“礼”由祭祀活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式。

B.孔子对于“敬”的贡献,在于把它发展成为诸如敬重年老位尊者等为人行事的基本原则。

C.在家庭作用愈加式微、血缘关系愈加淡薄的现代社会中,“仁”的局限性越来越大。

D.深入认识“敬”的精神,有助于更准确地领会孔子思想中“礼”和“仁”的内涵。