问题 选择题

一般的曲线运动可以分成很多小段,每小段都可以看成圆周运动的一部分,即把整条曲线用一系列不同半径的小圆弧来代替。如9甲所示,曲线上A点的曲率圆定义为:在曲线上某一点A和邻近的另外两点分别做一圆,当邻近的另外两点无限接近A点时,此圆的极限位置叫做曲线A点处的曲率圆,其曲率圆半径R叫做A点的曲率半径。现将一直两为m的物体沿与水平面成θ角的方向以某一速度抛出,如图乙所示。不计空气阻力,在其轨迹最高点P处的曲率半径为r,则(    )

A.物体抛出时,速度大小是

B.物体抛出时,速度大小是

C.抛出物体时,至少需要对物体做功

D.抛出物体时,对物体施加的冲量最小值是

答案

BCD

题目分析:由题目的介绍可知,曲率半径也就是求在该点做圆周运动的半径,利用向心力的公式就可以求得.

物体在其轨迹最高点P处只有水平速度,其水平速度大小为v0cosα,在最高点,把物体的运动看成圆周运动的一部分,物体的重力作为向心力,由向心力的公式得,所以初速度为是:,抛出物体时,至少需要对物体做功,抛出物体时,对物体施加的冲量最小值是

故BCD正确.

故选:BCD.

点评:曲率半径,一个新的概念,平时不熟悉,但根据题目的介绍可知,求曲率半径也就是求在该点做圆周运动的半径,读懂题目的真正意图,本题就可以解出了.

阅读理解

May : Happenings from the Past

May 5 , 1884

Isaac Murphy , son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history, rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times.

May 9 , 1754

Benjamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon , showing a snake cut in pieces , with the words “Join or Die” printed under the picture.

May 11 , 1934

The first great dust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl, the result of years of drought (干旱) , blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington , D. C.

May 19, 1994

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, former first lady and one of the most famous people of the 1960s, died of cancer in New York City at the age of 64.

May 24, 1844

Samuel F. B. Morse taps (轻敲) out the first message, “What hath God wrought,” over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington, D. C, to Baltimore, Md.

小题1:We know from the text that Buchanan is _______________.

A.Isaac’s father

B.a winning horse

C.a slave taking care of horses

D.the first racing horse in Kentucky小题2:What is the title of the first American political cartoon?

A.Join or Die

B.Pennsylvania Gazette

C.What Hath God Wrought

D.Kentucky Derby小题3:In which year did the former first lady Jacqueline die?

A.1934

B.1960

C.1964

D.1994小题4:Which of the following places has to do with (与...有关)the first telegram in history?

A. Washington, D. C.

B. New York City

C. Kentucky

D. Pennsylvania

单项选择题