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在美国的许多城市，人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气，这种追求几乎达到了宗教般的狂热。为此，一些减少空气污染的新技术应运而生，可是谁也不曾想到，人们却为此不断付出巨大的代价。 1990年，美国的《洁净空气法规》强制空气质量差的地区在汽油中添加充氧剂等化学制品，从而减少一氧化碳和苯等有害气体的排放量。但是，现在发现，大多数常用的充氧剂如甲基叔丁基乙醚已从地下贮油箱中渗入地下水，并已污染了地下饮水源，使这一地区可能在几年内成为美国最严重的地下水污染区。科学家认为，水中即使有十亿分之几十的甲基叔丁基乙醚，也会对人的健康有严重影响，甚至可能会致癌。一些曾坚决反对运用这项技术的团体还认为，加油站的空气中这种充氧剂气体含量过高，会使人呼吸困难、头痛和眩晕，不仅加油站的人，就连路上的行人也会受到影响。 麻烦的事远不止这些。科学家们证实，这种化学物质具有很强的水溶性，对土壤几乎没有亲和力，同时它又是很难分解的寿命很长的物质。虽说甲基叔丁基乙醚见光可分解，但阳光很难进入土壤和地下水中。因此，它一旦进入地下水中，人们就很难将它“请”出来，而它渗入到更深水层的可能性则是不可避免的了。美国政府有关部门也采取了一些措施，如关闭受污染的水井，断绝受污染的水源，设法从受污染区外部调水，当然，解决这些问题所需要的资金数量是巨大的。还有一个办法是通过改进贮油箱来减少含有有害物质的汽油的泄露，但这仍不能解决已经发生的水源污染问题。 目前，美国的科学家们正在制定一个从水源中清除这种有害物质的计划，他们试图把从土壤中分离出来的被称作PM1的细菌注入受污染的地下水中。据说，PM1可以在较短的时间内吸收较大剂量的甲基叔丁基乙醚。科学家们同时坦率地说，这项在受污染的土壤和水的试样中已经获得成功的试验，在清洁地下水的具体应用中，还没有让人信服的实例。看来，这种“按下葫芦起来瓢”的情况，在环境保护问题上是值得注意的。

不符合本文内容的一项是（）

A．减少空气污染的新技术主要是在汽油中添加充氧剂，以减少有害气体的排放量

B．新技术所造成的水污染是严重的，而目前解决这个问题仍只能采取被动的方法

C．PM1细菌吸收甲基叔丁基醚的试验成功，意味着问题的解决指日可待

D．文末所说的“按下葫芦起来瓢”是说在环境保护问题上顾此失彼的现象

答案

参考答案：C

单项选择题

下列关于法治的概念，表述正确的是：( )

A．法治是一国或一个地区的法律及其相关的制度的总称

B．法治是指法律规则、制度及立法、执法、司法、守法活动的过程的总和

C．法治就是依法办事

D．法治是指一种治国方式或被治理的国家处于国家权力的行使和社会成员们的活动普遍处于一种良好而完备的法律规则系统的要求的状态
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问答题

Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. Not Britain’s political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to the British Election Study. At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. A report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly. Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore.
47. There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD generation" that are beyond the government’s control. First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank.
This much is uncontroversial. But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who ’use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-aged. Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．And the future doesn’t look much better: the government’s proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too.
"These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says Nick Bosanquet of Imperial College London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths.
Are things really that bad When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially. But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today’s 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says Richard Disney of Nottingham University.
Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．David Willetts, the Conservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. The Liberal Democrat commission on tax policy worried in August about inter-generational unfairness too.
There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives Lib Dem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour. And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote.

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