问题 论述题

(24分)阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一 我国人均资源占有量及资源短缺情况

注:2011年上半年,我国原油对外依存度达54.8%;据专家估计,到2020年,在45种重要战略性资源中,我国将有9种严重短缺(依赖进口),10种短缺。

材料二 我国资源利用情况

注:在今年世界经济论坛公布的最新“环境可持续指数”评价中,中国在全球144个国家和地区的排序中位居133位。评价指出:低产值、高污染的工业生产模式将造成国家未富而资源、环境先衰。

请回答:

(1)材料一和材料二各反映了什么经济问题?(8分)

(2)结合《经济生活》相关知识,就如何解决材料一、二中所反映的问题提出合理化建议。(16分)

答案

(1)材料一反映了我国人均资源占有量较少,能源供应紧张,能源短缺现象严重,部分能源对外依存度较高,能源安全问题凸显。(4分)

材料二反映了我国资源利用率低,经济效益低,能源浪费现象严重,粗放型发展模式没有得到根本扭转,低产值、高污染的工业生产模式不利于国家经济发展。(4分)

(2)①贯彻落实科学发展观,加快转变经济发展方式,推动产业结构优化升级,走新型工业化道路,促进国民经济又好又快发展。(4分)

②加强国家宏观调控,利用经济、法律和行政手段鼓励各行各业节约资源、保护环境,建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,大力发展循环经济,增强可持续发展能力。(4分)

③提高自主创新能力,通过科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新提高资源的利用率,走集约化经营之路,实现经济社会永续发展。(4分)

④坚持“引进来”与“走出去”相结合,积极开展国际能源合作与交流,充分利用国际国内两个市场、两种资源,提升我国开放型经济水平,维护国家能源安全。(4分)

(若考生回答出其他观点,只要言之成理,也可酌情给分)

阅读理解

The longest solar eclipse (日食) of the century cast a wide shadow for several minutes over Asia and the Pacific Ocean on 22th July, drawing people outside to watch the sight in the sky.

Day turned into night. Temperature turned cooler in cities and villages filled with fans of astronomy. The total eclipse could be seen starting in India on Wednesday morning and moving eastward across China and parts of the Pacific. Millions cast their eyes towards the heavens to catch an unusual view of the sun’s colorful ring. Cloud in some areas prevented people from fully enjoying the sight. Still, many were frightened.

The total eclipse occurs about twice a year as the moon passes between the earth and the sun on the same plane as earth’s circle.

The local astronomy society gave a flash on how an eclipse happens. Wednesday’s event lasted up to more than six minutes in some places. In India, thousands bathed in the Ganges River in the Hindu holy city of Varanasi to clean their souls. It was sunny sky in Hong Kong for the eclipse, where students, parents and the elderly flooded in a primary school to watch.

In Shanghai, children climbed up ladders to look through two large telescopes on the school roof to catch sight of the moon moving across the sun. Others looked through a pair of glasses covered with solar filter (过滤器) paper, where they could take pictures of the moon moving over the sun.

In some cultures, many old stories are about eclipse. In India, a eclipse was considered unfavorable. In Chinese tradition, there is a story about a heavenly dog eating the sun. As the story goes, people would make noise to frighten off the dog and save the sun.

小题1:What can we learn about the longest solar eclipse of the century?

A.Not everyone in the world could see the longest eclipse.

B.Any of the Asians was excited to watch the eclipse.

C.All people saw the longest solar eclipse on Wednesday.

D.The Chinese all caught sight of the total eclipse at the same time.小题2:What does the text imply about the total solar eclipse?

A.All people watched the solar eclipse for at least six minutes.

B.In ancient China, people couldn’t understand this phenomenon.

C.Your eyes must be hurt without filter equipment while watching.

D.You can watch the total solar eclipse directly only with your eyes.小题3:Which of the following statements about eclipse is TURE according to the text?

A.Most Chinese people used to think eclipses would bring about misfortunes.

B.Chinese fathers were pleased to watch solar eclipses.

C.Indians think bad fortune will come about along with eclipses.

D.The Chinese people are too frightened to go outside when eclipses occur.小题4:Where can we see the eclipse start?

A.In Shanghai.

B.In India.

C.In Hong Kong.

D.In the Pacific Ocean.

单项选择题