议论文阅读（7分）

① 日本著名哲学家中江兆民，早年留学法国，学养厚重，著述译著多部，人称“东方卢梭”。1901年，他54岁时被检出患了咽头癌，医生判断最多只能活“一年半”。他在“只要有一口气，就一定有事可做，也可过得愉快”的信念支持下，开始最后两部著作的写作。他最终没有活过“一年半”，但气管被割开，“枯瘦得像仙鹤一样”的他，却以超常的毅力，完成了日本学术史上里程碑式的著作《一年有半》《读一年有半》。他在重病期间写的名诗《跌倒时也要笑》，也在日本不胫而走，流传至今。

② 跌倒也要笑，是苦中作乐的顽强精神，是不屈不挠的人生态度，具有这样的可贵品质，早晚会走出低谷，再创辉煌，即便壮志未酬，也会虽败犹荣，虽死犹生。从古到今这样的例子不胜枚举。

③当年，曹操兵败赤壁，80万大军被扫荡一空，身边只有数骑。逃亡路上，将士都心情沮丧，无精打采。曹操却谈笑风生，似乎是在凯旋。他的乐观情绪感染了周围的人，行进速度明显加快，不久便脱离险境，回到魏地。后来重整旗鼓，卷土重来，也没要太长时间。

④苏东坡因乌台诗案被贬谪，这一跤让他跌得鼻青脸肿，惨不忍睹，先贬黄州，又贬颖州、惠阳，最远贬到海南儋州，这是仅比满门抄斩罪轻一等的处罚。面对人生低谷，超强的乐观精神救了他，东坡放言：“百年须笑三万六千场，一日一笑，此生快哉!”于是，黄州城外赤壁山前开怀一笑，《赤壁赋》《后赤壁赋》和《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》等千古名作便横空出世，奠定了他文化伟人的历史地位。

⑤曾有人说，三个苹果改变了世界：一个苹果诱惑了夏娃，一个苹果砸中了牛顿，还有一个苹果在乔布斯手中，这个苹果被咬去一口，是他多年遭受苦难的隐喻。创业、跌倒、再创业、再跌倒，经过十几年的打拼，他终于有了自己的公司和产品。可是，他的手下居然发动“ * * ”，把他从自己的公司扫地出门。跌了这样的大跟头，他不过淡然一笑，又开始重新 创业。不久，机会来了，他原来的公司终于看到了他的价值，又请他回去主持大局。从此，他便如鱼得水，大显身手，事业一路高歌，奇迹接连出现，他的产品影响了整个世界。

⑥《菜根谭》说得好：“得意时论地谈天，俱是水底捞月;拂意时，吞冰啮雪，才为火内栽莲。”就是说，作为一个修行人，处处顺境，就得不到真实修行;必须要在逆境中，才能够有所成就。作为一个创业人，不经失败，不跌跟头，没有“跌倒也要笑”的精神，也不会真正成熟。只有在跌倒的时候仍然能够直面南天，能够仰天长笑，你才能成为一个真正的强者，才能成为一个成功者。

小题1:选文的中心论点是什么?(1分)

小题2:选文第一自然段的作用是什么?(2分)

小题3:选文最主要的论证方法是什么?有什么作用?(2分)

小题4:选文③、④、⑤段顺序是否可以调换?为什么?(2分)

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Upon reaching an appropriate age, usually between 18 and 21 years, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationships and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spousesthrough other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.

　　In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.

1．The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show         .

A．they choose their spouses according to their own wishes only

B．they want to win the permission of their parents

C．they have a strong desire to become independent

D．they want to challenge the authority of their parents

2．Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of __    __.

　　A．love　　         B．financial concern

　　C．their parents　　            D．family background

3．Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.

A．American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents

B．most American people never make major decisions for their children

C．American young adults posses cultural values of independence

D．once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently

4．A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because           .

A．he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school

B．he wants to prove his independence

C．he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D．he wants to show his love for his parents