问题 解答题

根据材料,回答问题.

材料一:豌豆的花的红色和白色是一对相对性状,若用T表示控制显性性状的基因,t表示控制隐性性状的基因,据研究发现下列现象(如下表).

亲代后代
红色×红色红色、白色
白色×白色白色
材料二:如图是某一患有先天愚型的病人的染色体组成.

材料三:镰刀形细胞贫血症是一种遗传病,因为患者红细胞的形状为镰刀状而得名.现已知该贫血症由隐性基因b控制,正常人由显性基因B控制,下表是迈克家族患病情况.

成员爷爷奶奶爸爸妈妈迈克
性状表现正常正常患病正常患病
根据上述材料所给信息,回答下列问题:

(1)材料一中信息可知,后代中豌豆的红色花的基因组成为______.

(2)材料二中的患者是先天性愚型又称“21三体综合症”,患者的第21号染色体上有三条染色体,这种变异是属于______变异(可遗传或不可遗传),预防此病最有效的措施是______.

(3)阅读材料三回答问题:若迈克的父母再生一个孩子,生出的孩子患病的概率是______.

答案

(1)子代个体中出现了亲代没有的性状,新出现的性状一定是隐性性状;从材料一表中所示遗传结果,亲代都是红色×红色,而后代中出现了白色的个体,说明白色是隐性性,红色是显性性状.若用T表示控制显性性状的基因,t表示控制隐性性状的基因,因此豌豆的白色花的基因组成是tt,后代豌豆的红色花的基因组成是TT或Tt.

(2)根据变异是否可以遗传,分为可遗传变异和不可遗传变异,遗传物质改变引起的变异属于可遗传的变异,仅由环境因素引起的变异属于不可遗传的变异.从材料二中可知,由于先天性愚型是遗传物质发生了改变,这种变异属于可遗传变异.血缘关系越近的人,遗传基因越相近,婚后子女得遗传病的可能性就越大;因此预防遗传病发生的有效措施是禁止近亲结婚.

(3)从材料三的表中看出爷爷和奶奶都正常,生了爸爸患有镰刀形细胞贫血症,说明爷爷和奶奶除含有一个正常的基因B外,还都含有一个控制镰刀形细胞贫血症的基因b,因为爸爸的这对基因来自于爷爷和奶奶.这对基因的遗传图解如图所示:

由遗传图解可知:爸爸的基因组成是bb.妈妈是正常的,妈妈的基因组成有可能是BB或Bb,从题干中可以看出,迈克患有镰刀形细胞贫血症,所以,它妈妈的基因只能是Bb,不可能是BB,遗传图解如图所示:生出的孩子患病的概率是50%.

故答案为:(1)TT或Tt;

(2)可遗传变异;禁止近亲结婚;

(3)50%;

(4)50%.

阅读理解

配对阅读:请阅读下面有关人员的相关信息,然后找出与他们匹配的广告。

( )1. Jack enjoys cooking and he can cook many kinds of food. He wants to get a

            part-time job in the evening.

( )2. Zhang Qiang, a strong and outgoing young man, loves and does well in sports.

            His English and Japanese are excellent.

( )3. Li Fang is good at English. She wants to work in a foreign country.

( )4. Joan likes to wear white uniforms. She hopes to help patients and doctors.

( )5. Michael likes to travel all over the world. He can speak English and Spanish

            very well. He wants to be a tourist guide.

A. Good English needed. Work in Da Vinci Language School in Italy. Write to Bob White,

     P.O. Box 131, Rome, Italy.

B. Part-time job at Asian Garden Restaurant. Cook Chinese and American food. Work

    evenings. Call Mr. Chang at 955-6213.

C. Full-time job in Pacific Hotel. To help with games and to teach tennis, golf and basketball.

    Good English needed. Write to Mrs. Sato, Pacific Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii.

D. Full-time job in International Travel Service. Take tourists on bus tours in Canada and the

     U.S. Good English needed. Phone Miss White at 233-8688.

E. Part-time or full-time job in doctor's office. Greet patients and answer the phone. Work

     mornings and afternoons. Call Doctor Strangelove at 524-7500.

F. Full-time job for a magazine. Interested in writing stories. Please call Karen at 555-8823.

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