问题 问答题 简答题

怎样理解马克思关于人本质的理论?

答案

参考答案:

人的本质可以界定为:人基于某种需要在一定的社会关系中、在所从事的实践活动过程中不断生成的历史存在物,即为我的、自觉的、社会性的实践活动过程中的生成物。人正是由于在某种动力(需要)的驱使下,在一定的社会关系里所从事的改造世界的实践活动中,才获得人之为人的真正本质,成为具体的、历史的人。根据这一界定,可以这样理解:人之所以为人,而区别于动物的最根本的特征是实践;群体之所以成为群体,而能够相互区别开来的最根本的特征,是实践中形成的不同社会关系的总和;每个人之所以为每个人,而能够彼此区别开来的最根本的特征,是基于一定的需要在不同社会关系和不同社会实践中所形成的独特个性。总之,人的本质只能在实践活动中得到生成、体现和确证。这种实践,是基于某种需要所进行的实践,而离开人的需要的实践是不存在的。

单项选择题
单项选择题

To produce the upheaval (激变) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s, three primary causes interacted. The (1) of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. (2) , an outcry (呐喊) for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction (3) among the alumni (校友) and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode (压倒) all (4) opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more (5) spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously (6) to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new (7) . Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by (8) off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new (9) of public duty.

The old-style classical education received its most crushing (10) in the citadel (城堡) of Harvard College, (11) Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the (12) forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s (13) They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the (14) and the development of the (15) system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering (培养) of greater (16) in student life. Standard of admission were sharply advanced in 1872—1877. (17) the appointment of a clean (院长) to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of (18) , the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and (19) as young animals. One new course of study after another was (20) —science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics and international law.

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