问题 问答题 案例分析题

小王本科毕业后到上海的一个社工机构工作,他所在的机构有一个特色的服务项目"浦东少数民族儿童服务项目"。小王了解到来沪少数民族父母的子女入学存在多种需求,这些孩子面临居所变更、生活环境改变、教育环境改变及城市适应等问题。他们的学校教育时常被中断,有时也会被卷入到非法营利活动中,很多来沪的少数民族儿童的父母整日为生计奔波,对这些儿童缺乏基本的生活照顾和学业辅导,并且由于生活环境较差,人员结构比较复杂,这些儿童时常会受到不良社会风气的影响。最近小王接到了一个案例,小江来自云南一个偏僻的农村,其父母在上海一家工厂打工。小江上小学三年级的时候,父母把他接到了上海,并将他安排在该城市的一所学校读书。但是仅上了两天课,小江就不愿意再去学校了,躲在家里把自己关在屋子里不出来。在父母的盘问下,小江说他完全听不懂上课讲的内容,学习过程中感觉很吃力,尤其害怕上英语课,因为自己在家乡的时候根本没上过英语课。有一次老师上课让他起来回答问题,他不仅不会回答,还因为自己的口音被班上的小伙伴们笑话,觉得自己很丢脸,再也不想去学校了。小江的父母找到社会工作者小王,希望小王能为小江提供服务。

问题:1.上述案例中,小江面临的问题有哪些?2.按照马斯洛需要层次理论,小江的哪两个重要需要没有得到满足?3.针对小江的问题,社会工作者小王应采取哪些介入策略?

答案

参考答案:

随着城市化进程的不断深入,城市中外来务工人员的数量越来越多。这些外来务工人员将子女一同接到城市来读书,但由于学习环境的突然改变,导致这些流动儿童面临许多问题。如果不及时关注他们的教育适应问题,流动儿童很可能将继续生活在城市的底层,沿袭父辈的打工生涯,或可能成为城市的游民。

1.上述案例中小江面临的问题主要有:(1)不适应大城市学校的教材和课程,尤其是英语,在学习过程中感觉很吃力。(2)因为回答不上老师的提问和自己的乡音被同学们取笑,从而感到自卑,不愿意再去上学。(3)乡村生活转变到大城市生活的适应困难。

2.按照马斯洛需要层次理论,小江主要是归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要没有得到满足。马斯洛认为,人类有5种重要的需要:生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要及自我实现的需要。小江从乡村学校来到大上海的城市学校,在上海的同学眼里,小江是另类,被集体排斥,归属不到班集体,得不到同学的友爱;因为教材及教育制度造成的城乡差别,小江学习跟不上,还有口音、着装、言谈举止等都不为同伴所接受,得不到大家的认可、重视和尊重。

3.针对小江的问题,社会工作者小王应采取以下介入策略:

(1)直接介入:①为小江提供课业辅导。社会工作者小王可以连接社区里的大学生志愿者,定期为小江提供课程辅导,尤其是英语课的辅导,增强小江的学习信心,使小江逐步适应新学校的学习进度和教材内容。②为小江提供情绪疏导和支持。小江来到陌生的大城市,陌生的生活和学习环境,很多课程听不懂,自尊心受挫,又没有朋友和伙伴的支持和鼓励,心里肯定大受打击。社会工作者小王可以通过与小江面谈,帮助小江疏导负面情绪,调整心理状态,适当地给予鼓励和支持,帮助建立初步的自信。③协助小江学习人际沟通技巧。社会工作者小王在与小江面谈的过程中,让小江多说普通话,训练他的正确发音,鼓励他多张嘴说话,同时教授他一些人际沟通技巧,做好准备工作后,鼓励小江在学校尝试着主动和同学接触。

(2)间接介入:①走访小江的学校。社会工作者小王可以请老师们多鼓励和指导小江学习,帮助他适应学校生活、建立自信心;请同学们多理解小江,不要取笑他,多帮助他,组织热心的同学与小江结成学习伙伴,帮助小江尽快融入班级生活。②设计实施班级融入活动:与老师合作,利用班会时间开展"帮助小江融入班级"的小组活动。③与小江的父母沟通。请他们平时多与小江沟通,关注孩子的情绪变化,适时地给予鼓励和支持,帮助小江在城市健康的成长。

【提示】此题考点涉及本章儿童问题、儿童需要、儿童辅导、《社会工作综合能力》第三章马斯洛需要层次理论、第六章小组工作、本书第二章介入策略等知识内容。问题1对问题的回答需要特别注意,儿童的问题包括两个角度:一是成人世界或环境造成的对儿童的不利或伤害因素,二是儿童本身的认知、情绪或行为的偏差。本案例中的问题更多是前者。问题2需要考生首先简要回答马斯洛的需要层次理论的内容,在此基础上分析服务对象小江的需要。问题3的介入策略最好采取直接介入与间接介入的角度来回答。

单项选择题

Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.
The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.
The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.
The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.
Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or "opt-out" of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such "opt-out" mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.
Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.
The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.

"Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______.

A.a machine that can be attached to your computer

B.a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read

C.a software that you can play a computer game

D.an e-mail that says some good words to you

单项选择题