问题 阅读理解

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo. 

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of great people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)

Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were nor just copies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.

小题1:The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________

A.his business

B.his house

C.his garden

D.his window小题2:The Daguerrotype was____________.

A.a Frenchman

B.a kind of picture

C.a kind of camera

D.a photographer小题3:If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.

A.watch lots of films

B.buy an expensive camera

C.stop in most cities

D.take many films and something else with him.小题4:Mathew Brady______________.

A.was very lifelike               

B.was famous for his unusual pictures

C.was quite strong              

D.took many pictures of moving people小题5:This passage tells us_____________.

A.how photography was developed

B.how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures

C.how to take pictures in the world

D.how to use different cameras

答案

  

小题1:C

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:B

小题5:A

试题解析:本文大意:1826年,一位名叫Niepce的法国人需要工作照片,但他不是一个好的艺术家,所以他发明了一个非常简单的相机,他把它放在他家的窗户里,给他的花园拍了一张相片,这是第一张相片。摄影术另一个重要的日期是在1837年,那一年,Daguere,另一个法国人,给他的阅览室拍了一张相片,他以一种不同的方法使用了一种新的相机,在他的照片中你能非常清楚地看到每样东西,甚至是最小的东西。这种照片被称为银版照相法。1840年,摄影术得到了发展,摄影师们能给人和动的东西拍照。摄影在19世纪末也变成了一种艺术。

小题1:细节理解题。根据He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.他把它放在他家的窗户里,给他的花园拍了一张相片,这是第一张相片,可知答案选C

小题2:细节理解题。根据This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.这种照片被称为银版照相法,可知答案选B

小题3:细节理解题。根据The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.摄影师们不得不带着许多胶片和其它的机器,可知答案选D

小题4:细节理解题。根据The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike相片不同寻常是因为它们栩栩如生,可知答案选B

小题5:细节理解题。根据In 1826,in 1837,In about 1840,在1826年,在1837年,在大约1840年,可知答案选A

选择题
问答题

(1)在“用单摆测重力加速度”的实验中,小明同学的操作步骤为:

A.取一根细线,下端系着直径为d的金属小球,上端固定在铁架台上;

B.用刻度尺量得细线长度l;

C.在细线偏离竖直方向角度很小时释放小球;

D.用秒表记录小球完成n次全振动所用的总时间t,得到周期T=

t
n

E.用公式g=

4π2l
T2
计算重力加速度

①为减小实验误差,小明同学应在小球经过______(选填“释放位置”或“平衡位置”)时开始计时.

②按上述方法得出的重力加速度值与实际值相比______(选填“偏大”、“相同”或“偏小”).

(2)小亮同学为研究某电学元件(最大电压不超过2.5V,最大电流不超过0.55A)的伏安特性曲线,在实验室找到了下列实验器材:

A.电压表(量程是3V,内阻是6kΩ的伏特表)

B.电压表(量程是15V,内阻是30kΩ的伏特表)

C.电流表(量程是0.6A,内阻是0.5Ω的安培表)

D.电流表(量程是3A,内阻是0.1Ω的安培表)

F.滑动变阻器(阻值范围0~5Ω),额定电流为0.6A

G.滑动变阻器(阻值范围0~100Ω),额定电流为0.6A

直流电源(电动势E=3V,内阻不计) 开关、导线若干.

该同学设计电路并进行实验,通过实验得到如下数据(I和U分别表示电学元件上的电流和电压).

I/A00.120.210.290.340.380.420.450.470.490.50
U/V00.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00

①为提高实验结果的准确程度,电流表选______;电压表选______;滑动变阻器选______.(以上均填写器材代号)

②请在上面的方框中画出实验电路图;

③在图(a)中描出该电学元件的伏安特性曲线;

④据图(a)中描出的伏安特性曲线可知,该电学元件的电阻随温度而变化的情况为:______;

⑤把本题中的电学元件接到图(b)所示电路中,若电源电动势E=2.0V,内阻不计,定值电阻R=5Ω,则此时该电学元件的功率是______W.