问题 问答题

33、用下面两种方法可以制得白色的Fe(OH)2沉淀.

方法一:用不含Fe3+的FeSO4溶液与用不含O2的蒸馏水配制的NaOH溶液反应制备.

(1)用硫酸亚铁晶体配制上述FeSO4溶液时还需加入______.

(2)除去蒸馏水中溶解的O2常采用______的方法.

(3)生成白色Fe(OH)2沉淀的操作是用长滴管吸取不含O2的NaOH溶液,插入FeSO4溶液液面下,再挤出NaOH溶液.这样操作的理由是______.

方法二:在如图装置中,用NaOH溶液、铁屑、稀H2SO4等试剂制备.

(1)在试管Ⅰ里加入的试剂是______.

(2)在试管Ⅱ里加入的试剂是______.

(3)为了制得白色Fe(OH)2沉淀,在试管Ⅰ和Ⅱ中加入试剂,打开止水夹,塞紧塞子后的实验步骤是______.

(4)这样生成的Fe(OH)2沉淀能较长时间保持白色,其理由是______.

答案

方法一 

(1)配制FeSO4溶液时,需加入稀硫酸和铁屑,抑制Fe2+的水解并防止Fe2+被空气中的O2氧化为Fe3+

故答案为:稀H2SO4  铁屑;

(2)煮沸蒸馏水可除去其中溶解的O2.故答案为:煮沸;

(3)Fe(OH)2很容易被空气中的氧气氧化,实验时生成白色Fe(OH)2沉淀的操作是用长滴管吸取不含O2的NaOH溶液,插入

FeSO4溶液液面下,再挤出NaOH溶液,故答案为:避免生成的 Fe(OH)2沉淀接触O2

方法二(1)试管Ⅰ中提供还原性气体氢气和硫酸亚铁溶液,可用硫酸和铁屑反应生生成,故答案为:稀H2SO4  铁屑;

(2)试管Ⅱ中应为NaOH溶液,与试管Ⅰ中生成的FeSO4溶液反应生成Fe(OH)2沉淀,故答案为:NaOH溶液;

(3)打开止水夹,Fe与H2SO4反应生成H2充满整个装置,反应一段时间后关闭止水夹,左侧试管内气压升高,反应生成的Fe2+沿导管进入右侧试管与NaOH反应生成白色沉淀Fe(OH)2.若过早关闭止水夹,使左侧试管中的硫酸压入右侧试管中,将NaOH中和,则得不到Fe(OH)2溶液.故答案为:检验试管Ⅱ出口处排出的氢气的纯度.当排出的H2纯净时,再夹紧止水夹;

(4)由于装置中充满H2,外界空气不易进入,所以沉淀的白色可维持较长时间,故答案为:试管Ⅰ中反应生成的H2充满了试管Ⅰ和试管Ⅱ,且外界空气不容易进入.

阅读理解

Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

小题1:What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?

A.Soccer and golf.

B.Skiing and skating.

C.Cycling and hockey.

D.Mountaineering.小题2:The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.

A.strong emotion

B.good way

C.better feeling

D.enough affection小题3:Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_______.

A.it has man-made rules

B.it is too dangerous for climbers

C.it can’t bring people joy or leisure

D.it is free for climbers to use their own methods小题4:We know from the passage that _______.

A.mountaineering has no appeal for people

B.physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers

C.a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty

D.it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps小题5:What is the best title for the passage?

A.Sports in winter

B.Team work in climbing

C.Mountaineering

D.The quality for mountaineering

单项选择题