问题 问答题

简述社会存在和社会意识的含义及其相互关系。

答案

参考答案:(1)社会存在是社会生活的物质方面,是社会物质生活条件的总和。其内容包括地理环境、人口因素、物质资料的生产方式,其中生产方式对社会的存在和发展起主要的决定作用。社会意识是社会生活的精神方面,是社会精神现象的总和。①从社会意识的主体看,包括个体意识和群体意识;②从反映社会存在的深浅程度看,有社会心理和社会意识形式;③从社会意识与社会的经济基础的关系看,有属于上层建筑的社会意识形态和不属于上层建筑的非社会意识形态。
(2)社会存在和社会意识的关系是:①社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识是社会存在的反映;社会意识的内容来源于社会存在,社会意识随着社会存在的变化发展而变化发展。②社会意识对社会存在具有能动的反作用。这种反作用有两种情况:先进的社会意识对社会存在的发展起积极的推动作用,促进社会向前发展;落后的或反动的社会意识对社会存在的发展起阻碍作用,延缓社会历史的发展进程。③社会意识对社会存在的反作用必须通过人民群众的实践活动。因此必须用反映社会发展规律和人民群众根本利益的先进社会意识宣传群众,武装群众,指导人民群众的实践活动。

单项选择题
完形填空

  The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state  36 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have  37  . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without  38  out any necessary fact.

  In writing a letter of application, keep in  39  that the things a possible employer is most 

 40  to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims.The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 41 the first few sentences fail to  42  the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be  43  at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not  44  your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your  45 in today's paper. ”you might say“I have made a careful  46  of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighbourhood to find out how many housewives  47 your product and why they like it.”

  Try to  48  generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now  49 . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“ What can I  50  in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no  51  has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is  52 .

  It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 53  a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 54  is to enclose(内附)a stamped, self - addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it  55  for a possible employer to get in touch with you.

  36.A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily

  37.A. found B. done C. known D. heard

  38.A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking

  39.A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind

  40.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able

  41.A. While B. Although C. As D. If

  42.A. pay B. win C. show D. fix

  43.A. kept B. continued C. written D. read

  44.A. to B. for C. into D. from

  45.A. advertisement B. report

    C. article  D. introduciton 

  46.A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion

  47.A. change B. make C. sell D. use.

  48.A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain

  49.A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting

  50.A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide

  51.A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager

  52.A. success B. development C. practice D. experience

  53.A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get

  54.A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea

  55.A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer