问题 问答题 论述题

简述价值工程的定义。

答案

参考答案:

对价值工程作出如下定义:价值工程是通过各相关领域的协作,对所研究对象的功能与费用进行系统分析,不断创新,旨在提高所研究对象价值的思想方法和管理技术。

这个定义包含着几方面的含义:

(1)价值工程的性质属于一种思想方法和管理技术。

(2)价值工程的中心内容是对功能与费用进行系统分析和不断创新。

(3)旨在提高功能对成本的分析和创新有明确的方向---旨在提高价值。若把价值的定义结合起来,便应理解为比值。

(4)价值工程通常是由多个领域协作而开发的活动。

填空题
阅读理解

There are various aspects that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in various ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.

In the school, administrative assistants greet students at the start of the day and answer a large quantity of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.

Meanwhile, though cafeteria workers have a short space of time to interact with students, they can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.

Custodians (管理员) are usually underappreciated for what they offer to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (复杂的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.

小题1:The purpose of the passage is to _______.

A.emphasize the role teachers play in a school

B.highlight the contributions of other staff at school besides teachers.

C.tell us who make the greatest contributions to a school

D.explain what contributes to the success of a student小题2:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that _________.

A.he is paid particular attention to

B.he is special

C.he has done something wrong

D.he has made progress in study小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?

A.It’s enough for them to cook for the students.

B.It’s hard for them to interact with the students.

C.They have the most interaction with students at school.

D.They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.小题4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?

A.Disappointed.

B.Dissatisfied.

C.Appreciative.

D.Doubtful.