问题 单项选择题

英国牛津大学的菲利浦·英格兰博士等人认为,4000万年前喜玛拉雅山脉的隆起对今日世界气候格局有着巨大的影响。 

英格兰博士与美国马萨诸塞州理工学院的彼特·摩尔纳博士和法国约瑟夫·富利耶大学的约瑟夫·马蒂诺博士,是上述理论的创导者。越来越多的科学家认为,喜玛拉雅山脉的形成使地球大气中二氧化碳减少,从而促成全球气候变冷,形成今天的全球气候格局。 

在恐龙生活的长达2亿年的时间里,地球上的气候温和而潮湿,近似于今天的热带气候。6500万年以前地球气候由于陨星撞击的影响发生了剧烈变化,但是真正的、更持久的变化还是由于喜玛拉雅山脉的形成。 

在距今7000万年以前,今天的西藏还淹没在海洋下面。约4000万年前由于欧亚大陆板块相撞形成占地球陆地表面面积0.4%的喜玛拉雅山脉。约1000万年以前,喜玛拉雅山脉第二次隆起。由于喜玛拉雅山更高了,印度季风的作用就增强了,从阿拉伯海给山脉南坡带来了暖和潮湿的空气,最后形成降雨。 

这种降雨冲刷、风化作用形成了今日喜玛拉雅山的景观。风化作用还改变了大气中的化学构成,减少了大气中的二氧化碳含量。这样地球就把太阳辐射的热量更多地反射回空间,使气温降低。 

二氧化碳溶解于雨水形成轻度酸雨,并同石灰岩、花岗岩发生反应,形成钙、锰和碳酸根离子以及硅。英格兰博士说,即使是少量的喜玛拉雅山岩石溶解也会导致大气中二氧化碳减少,从而使全球气温降低,促使冰河时期出现。 

于是,原来适应高浓度二氧化碳环境的植物就让位于适应低浓度二氧化碳环境的植物。科学家对土壤取样及哺乳动物牙齿的化验也证实了这一点。 

不过,英格兰博士认为,他们的理论不是惟一的解释,其他的解释如洋流的改变,也可能导致历史上的全球气温变冷。

下列陈述中,不属于全球气候变冷的原因是()

A.喜玛拉雅山脉的形成

B.风化作用改变了大气中的化学构成,减少了大气中的二氧化碳含量

C.喜玛拉雅山岩石溶解会导致大气中的二氧化碳减少

D.太阳辐射到地球的热量被印度季风所形成的降雨减少了

答案

参考答案:D

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