问题 实验题

木炭作为还原剂用于金属冶炼已有几千年历史。教材用如图甲实验介绍这一知识。  

(1)木炭与氧化铜反应的化学方程式是   ____________________________________;  

(2)木炭呈块状,实验时要先将木炭研细,再与CuO粉末混合均匀后使用。这样处理的目的是___________________________;  

(3)酒精灯火焰处加有铁丝网罩,其作用是_______________________________。

(4)为了提高成功率,某研究小组设计如图乙方案进行实验。

【装置改进】稳定的高温是本实验成功的关键因素之一,实验装置也会影响加热的效率。图乙将卧式装置改为直立式装置。实验时,将反应混合物夯实于试管底部,调节酒精灯时外焰完全包围试管的下部。你认为该设计是否更好?_________(填“是”或“否”);理由是__________________。

答案

(1) 2CuO+C2Cu+CO2

(2)使氧化铜和木炭粉末充分反应

(3)使火焰集中并提高温度

(4)是;反应物受热均匀,并可获得持续的高温

阅读理解

Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.

When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobody paid any attention to the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.

Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816, he opened the first free primary school in Britain.

People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.

Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. "If you give people good working conditions," he thought, "they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people."

小题1:For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was _____________.

A.improving worker's houses

B.helping people to save money

C.preventing men from getting drunk

D.providing the children with a good education小题2:From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ___________.

A.into a rich family

B.into a noble family

C.into a poor family

D.into a middle class family小题3:Owen's experiment in the United States failed because _______.

A.he lost all his money

B.he did not buy enough land

C.people who visited it were not impressed

D.it was too far away for him to organize it properly小题4:We may infer form the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ____.

A.1771

B.1816

C.1825

D.1860

单项选择题