问题 问答题 简答题

豆腐乳制坯阶段造成豆腐坯硬、粗的主要原因有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

豆腐坯过硬与粗糙只是制坯结果不好的综合表现,造成的原因如下。

①豆浆纯洁度低磨浆时磨得太细,使一些纤维通过筛网混合到豆浆中;或浆渣分离过程中使用的筛网规格不合适,使豆浆中含有较多的豆渣。这些豆渣随蛋白质凝固混入豆腐白坯中,使白坯中豆渣纤维太多,形成了较大的拉力,减弱了蛋白质的弹性,造成成品坯死板、无弹性、粗糙易碎,白坯发硬。

②豆浆浓度小豆浆浓度小,蛋白质含量少,在下盐卤时大量凝固剂与少量蛋白质接触,导致蛋白质过度脱水,形成鱼籽状,俗称“点煞浆”,从而造成白坯发硬与粗糙。

③煮浆与点浆温度控制不当豆腐坯硬度与豆浆加温和冷却的温度、时间有一定关系。若点浆温度过高,大豆蛋白凝固加快,蛋白质固相包不住液相的水分,从而制成的白坯粗糙结实。若在加温前将氮气吹进豆浆中,能阻止巯基(-SH)的氧化,从而增加了白坯的硬度。

④盐卤浓度大腐乳坯过硬直接与盐卤浓度有关,因为盐卤浓度大,促使蛋白质凝固加快,导致白坯结构粗糙,质地坚硬,保水性差。

⑤上榨速度慢由于上榨速度太慢,使豆脑温度降低,达不到豆腐热结合的温度要求,从而使白坯质地松散发硬。

阅读理解

请阅读下列交友信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请在答卷上把对应题号的相应选项的字母写出来。(请将该部分答案涂在电脑答题卡上,AB同时涂黑代表E;CD同时涂黑代表F。)

A.Piotrek Kowalski, 18, from Italy. Looking for a pen friend who is interested in discussing the current (当前的) political situation in the world. Like jazz and playing tennis in my free time.

B. Olga, 32 years old, historian, from Warsaw, Poland. Looking for a pen friend to exchange views on the political problems in East European countries after the Second World War.

C. Jack, 27, from London. My favorite pastime (消遣) is learning foreign languages. I go to evening language classes and use my computer to improve my language learning by visiting Internet sites.

D. Elle, 35 years old, from Paris. I like learning languages, but do not like using modern technology. Need a pen friend who also enjoys learning languages in a traditional way.

E. Petro, 42, businessman, from Argentina. Trying to get a pen friend with the same profession(职业) and lives in North America. Married, with three children and like surfing the Internet.

F. Kim Lee, 18, high school student in Seoul, South Korea. I love traveling and hope to visit Great Britain in the future. I would like a friend about the same age to get some information about the differences between life in Europe and that in Asia.

以下是交友者的信息。请匹配交友者与他们所对应的信息。

小题1:Mary, 21, a university student on history, comes from Scotland and would like to find a pen friend who comes from East Europe. She is interested in the things of the past in those countries.

小题2:Helga, 33, comes from Germany and speaks French, English and Russian. She prefers a pen friend who is also fond of exchanging ideas about language learning by writing letters and she firmly believes that language learning can only happen in a classroom.

小题3:Alessandro, 25, comes from Rome. He is interested in finding a pen friend who speaks English and can exchange ideas on using the computer for learning purpose.

小题4:Bob, 17, a middle school student in Liverpool, is interested in making a pen friend. He once visited China with his parents when he was a child and then fell in love with Asian culture. He would like a friend of the same or nearly the same age.

小题5:Jim, 35, has a company in Boston. His hobby is surfing the Internet in his spare time and looking for any useful information for him, whether at home or abroad.

单项选择题