问题 填空题

碳是人类接触最早、利用最多的元素之一。

(1)在元素周期表中,碳元素的信息如图所示,碳元素的相对原子质量为     。将碳粉与氧化铜混合后加强热,发生反应的化学方程式为      ,该反应中碳表现出     (填“氧化”或“还原”)性。

(3)下列用途中,主要利用了物质的物理性质的是         (填序号)。

①干冰用于人工降雨           ②将石墨用于制作电极

③一氧化碳用作气体燃料       ④将小块金刚石镶在玻璃刀头上用来裁玻璃

(4)液态二氧化碳灭火器可用于扑救档案资料室发生的火灾,下列说法正确的是     

A.液态二氧化碳汽化后不会污染档案资料

B.二氧化碳可覆盖在燃烧物表面,隔绝空气

C.液态二氧化碳汽化时吸热,降低了可燃物的着火点

(5)石灰石用途非常广泛。可用来吸收火力发电厂煤燃烧时产生的二氧化硫废气,反应的化学方程式为:2CaCO3 + 2SO2 + O2 2CaSO4 + 2X,X的化学式为     

答案

(1)12.01

(2)C + 2CuO2Cu+ CO2↑    还原

(3)①②④

(4)AB

(5)CO2

题目分析:(1)根据图可知,该元素的质子数(核电荷数为6,元素符号为C,名称为碳,元素的相对原子质量为12.01

(2)炭可与氧化铜在高温条件下反应生成铜和二氧化碳气体。反应的化学方程式为:C + 2CuO 高温 2Cu+ CO2↑       在该反应中碳将氧化铜中的氧夺走,体现的是其还原性。

(3)①干冰用于人工降雨,利用了“干冰升华(由固态变成气态)时会吸收大量热”的性质;②将石墨用于制作电极利用了石墨有良好的导电性;④将小块金刚石镶在玻璃刀头上用来裁玻璃利用了金刚石硬度大。这三个都是物理性质。③一氧化碳用作气体燃料利用了一氧化碳的可燃性,属于化学性质。

(4)液态二氧化碳灭火器日优点是:液态二氧化碳汽化后不会污染档案资料;其灭火原理是:二氧化碳可覆盖在燃烧物表面,隔绝空气。所以AB项正确。C项液态二氧化碳汽化时吸热,降低了可燃物的温度而不是着火点。所以此项错误。

(5)

原子种类反应前原子个数反应后原子个数2X中含有的原子个数
Ca220
C22
O1284
S220
 

根据反应前后原子的个数不变,可知X的化学式为CO2

阅读理解

Creighton Carvello was called the Memory Man. He could remember hundreds of playing cards and pages of the telephone numbers in only a few seconds.

Creighton was born in India in 1944. He was the middle child of five and his father worked on the railways. In 1949, the Carvello family returned to England and settled(定居) in Middlesbrough, where Creighton spent the rest of his life. His father first noticed his great talent when, aged 7, he started to memorize information from cigarette cards with pictures of planes and cars.

After leaving school, Creighton developed his talent by memorizing more and more information. He soon became popular as he performed in clubs to show his great memory. He remembered the telephone number of anyone called Smith who lived in the Middlesbrough area. He first got into the record books in his thirties. He travelled around the world, showed up on television and amazed the audience with his memory.

Creighton was a man of many talents, including writing songs, drawing and telling jokes.

In his last years, Creightton moved to care home. The old people there would test his memory with questions such as naming what day of the week they were born on. Only days before he died, one lady gave her date of birth, July 29, 1921 and Creighton immediately replied, “Friday”. He died on November 18, 2008.

小题1:What was Creighton most famous for?

a.      His songs  b. His jokes  c. His drawing  d. His memory

小题2:How many children were older than Creighton in his family?

a.      Two  b. Three  c. Four  d. One

小题3:What happened when Creighton was five?

a.      He left school.  b.He first got into the record books.

c.His family returned to England. d.His father first noticed his great talent.

小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

a.      Creighton spent the rest of his life in India.

b.      Creighton was forced(强迫) to memorize things by his father.

c.      Creighton played the piano in clubs after leaving school.

d.      Creighton was a talented man.

小题5:What can we learn from the last paragraph?

a.      Creighton didn’t have a family.

b.      Creighton died young because he memorized too many things.

c.      Creighton died at the age of 60.

d.      Creighton still had a good memory several days before he died.

单项选择题