问题 单项选择题

【真题试题】 (2007年单项选择第40题) 在工商谈判中,需要坚持一些原则。遵循等价交换、符合国际惯例和法律法规,属于坚持()原则。

A.利益为本

B.互惠互利

C.客观标准

D.求大同,存小异

答案

参考答案:C

解析:【真题解析】  本题所考查的考点是工商谈判的原则。  工商谈判始终是信息双向沟通过程,在此过程中,双方都站在某种角度上表明自己的立场观点、意图和要求,为此要使双方的想法和意见趋于一致。取得谈判的成功,一般应坚持以下原则:①坚持利益为本。谈判就是为了解决利益矛盾,寻求各方都能接受的利益分配的方案。因此在谈判中要紧紧着眼于利益,而不是立场,因为常常在相反的立场背后,存在比现实利益更多的协调利益。例如某物业公司出租办公用房,希望出租合同一年一签,以便房租随物价上涨可逐年调整;而承租方却希望房租合同一签三年不变。如果双方仅围绕合同是“一年一签”还是“三年一签”这个立场争执不下,结果只能形成僵局而导致谈判破裂,其实变与不变的根本问题是物业公司希望房租随物价同步增长。如果承租方能同意在三年租期内,房租上涨可随物价上涨,确定一个合适的比例,那么承租合同一签三年也是可行的。这样物业公司的利益实现了,承租方急需租房的目的也达到了。②坚持互惠互利。互惠互利是工商谈判双方的基本出发点。在谈判中,应根据双方的需要和要求,互通有无,使双方都能得到满足。在利益法\律|教\育网上不仅要考虑己方利益,也要为对方着想,同时要立足长远,不要计较一时的得失,要追求长远利益的最大化,因此要尽力寻找谈判各方利益相一致的热点,通过各自具体利益的实现来保证谈判的成功。③坚持客观标准。在谈判过程中,一定要用客观标准来谈判。这些客观标准,包括等价交换、国际惯例、法律法规等。比如甲方向乙方购买一台设备,甲方希望低价,乙方希望高价,如何确定一个公平的价格,既要考虑设备制造成本,又要参考同类设备的市场价格。只有这样坚持客观标准,才会使谈判有更高的效率。④坚持求大同,存小异。谈判既然作为谋求一致而进行的协商洽谈,本身意味着谈判各方在利益上的“同”、“异”,因此,为了实现成功的谈判,必须认准最终的目标,求大同,同时要发现对方利益要求上的合理成分,并根据对方的合理要求,在具体问题上采取灵活的态度、变通的办法,作出相应的让步举动,这样才能推动对手作出让步,从而促使谈判有一个公正的协议产生。因此,本题的正确答案为C.

阅读理解

     Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter

and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain

and our personality react to the strange new things we encounter when we move from one culture to

another.

     Culture begins with the "honeymoon stage".  1 _____. We are thrilled to be in the new environment,

seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food. 2_____.

     3______. After we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss

our homeland and our family, friends, pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult

and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture.

     The third stage is called the "adjustment stage". 4_____. Your sense of humour usually becomes

stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new

place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!

     The fourth stage can be called "at ease at last". Now you feel quite comfortable in your new

surroundings. 5_____. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong

enough to deal with them.

A.You can cope with most problems that occur.

B.This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture.

C. It is extremely difficult to get through the first stage of culture.

D. You may feel sad, anxious, frustrated, and want to go home.

E. Unfortunately, the second stage can be more difficult.

F. This stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great

adventure.

G.This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and

exciting.

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