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问题 单项选择题

下列各项财政支出中，体现政府市场性再分配活动的支出是（）。

A.转移性支出

B.补偿性支出

C.购买性支出

D.消费性支出

答案

参考答案：C

解析：本题考查财政支出。购买性支出体现政府的市场性再分配活动，反映了政府在配置资源方面的作用。

材料题

通商口岸，从字面上讲，是指国家或地区间为贸易往来而设立的港口。但在近代中国，通商口岸就是条约口岸。阅读下列材料：

材料一    一般论者认为，条约口岸还可进一步划分为以下几类，第一类，“在那里，有完全通商的权利，在那里，可以设立领事馆，在那里，有一个海关衙门”，这一类可以称作标准条约口岸。第二类，“在那些城市里，一般是没有海关衙门的，没有领事馆，外国人是不应该在那里永久居住的。”第三类，“沿着长江和西江的某些地方，有所谓访问口岸。在这些商埠，外国公司的轮船可以为着装货和载客而在那里停泊。在另外一些这样的商埠，该轮船只能为载客而停泊。”                      ——杜语《近代中国通商口岸研究——历史与现状》

材料二    上海、广州、天津、武汉等近代中国重要商业与工业城市均为通商口岸，构成中国近代经济发展重要组成部分。单就上海一地而言，据统计，1911年上海共有工厂48家。占全国工厂总数28.1%；1931年上海共有工厂837家，占全国工厂总数42.4%。               ——周子峰《二十世纪中西学界的中国近代通商口岸研究述评》

材料三     与其说条约口岸代表了移植于中国沿海海岸的西方生活方式。还不如说中国接纳了西方人及其生活方式。                                     ——费正清《中国沿海的贸易和外交》

材料四     英国驻上海副领事马安认为，以通商口岸为中心发展起来的中国对外贸易。“不仅仅有利于英国，而且有利于中国这个大国这个大国的千百万居民。”                              ——李必樟译《英国驻上海领事贸易报告汇编》

请回答：

（1）据材料一指出通商口岸的分类依据。据近代前期通商口岸的分布，指出其演变趋势。

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（2）按材料一中的分类标准，上海应属于第几类口岸？并指出史实依据。据材料二，指出上海在中国近代化进程中的地位。

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（3）材料三中费正清认为“条约口岸”有何功能？结合所学知识，试举例说明中国近代接纳西方生活方式的全体表现。

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（4）你是否同意材料四中的观点？结合所学知识，简要阐述理由。

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单项选择题

Passage Four

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the bank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the temptation to revenge then subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of driving. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to are ate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages (堵塞) that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for us to take this message to heart.

The sentence "You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. " (Para. 1) implies that ______.

A．our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

B．rude drivers can be met only occasionally

C．the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the driver

D．nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
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