问题 问答题 简答题

简述需求价格弹性及其对产品定价的指导意义。

答案

参考答案:

价格与需求是相互影响的,需求的价格弹性反映需求量对价恪的敏感程度。正常情况下,市场需求会按照和价格相反的方向变动。价格提高,市场需求就会减少;价格降低,市场需求就会增加。但某些商品也会出现例外情况,如一些显示身份地位的商品的需求曲线是向上倾斜的,价格提高,其销量反而会提高,但当价格提高超过某一程度时,其需求和销售将减少。

需求价格弹性大的商品,价格的升降,对市场需求的影响大;需求价格弹性小的商品,价格降低并不能刺激需求。许多时新的商品,或是具有威望的名牌产品,购买者对价格并不注重。而对于多次购买的消费品,则要价格合理,宜采用降低价格和薄利多销的策略,以促进销售。新上市的商品,一般要根据相近产品或代用品的销售资料,估计市场潜力,并通过市场调查,根据顾客与中间商的意见,得到一个预期价格,作为定价的一个依据。

单项选择题
单项选择题

As with any work of art, the merit of Chapman Kelley’s "Wildflower Works I" was in the eye of the beholder.

Kelley, who normally works with paint and canvas, considered the twin oval gardens planted in 1984 at Daley Bicentennial Park his most important piece.

The Chicago Park District considered it a patch of raggedy vegetation on public property that could be dug up and replanted at will like the flower boxes along Michigan Avenue. And that’s what happened in June 2004, when the district decided to create a more orderly vista for pedestrians crossing from Millennium Park via the new Frank Gehry footbridge.

If you’re looking for evidence that the rubes who run the Park District don’t know art when they see it, all you have to do is visit what’s left of Kelley’s masterpiece. The exuberant 1.5-acre tangle of leggy wildflowers is now confined to a tidy rectangle, restrained on all sides by a knee-high hedge and surrounded by a closely cropped lawn. White hydrangeas and pink shrub roses complete the look. We don’t know who’s responsible for the redesign, but we’ll bet the carpet in his home doesn’t go with the furniture.

Still, you’d think the Park District was within its rights to plow under the prairie. Wrong. Kelley just won at lawsuit in which he argued that the garden was public art and therefore protected by the federal Visual Artists Rights Act. Under that law, the district should have given him 90 days’notice that it intended to mess with his artwork instead of rushing headlong into the demolition, a la Meigs Field. That way Kelley could have mounted a legal challenge, or at least removed the plants.

Park District officials said they never considered the garden a work of art, even though it was installed by an established artist and not, say, Joe’s Sod and Landscaping. We can understand their confusion. Just recently, we figured out that the caged greenery directly south of Pritzker Pavilion is supposed to be an architectural statement and not a Christmas tree lot.

All that’s left is for the district to compensate Kelley for his loss. Whatever price the parties settle on, let’s hope the agreement also provides for the removal of the rest of "Wildflower Works I". If it wasn’t an eyesore before—and plenty of people thought it was—it sure is now.

Which of the following was NOT true about "Wildflower Works I"().

A. It was designed by the famous artist Chapman Kelley.

B. There are two oval gardens at Daley Bicentennial Park.

C. The public voted for demolishing the gardens.

D. The Chicago Park District did not deem it a piece of art.