问题 单项选择题

宏观煤化厂与安泰集团签订了一份购货合同,即安泰向宏观于一个月内提供一批原煤,宏观煤化厂称,将在月末全面生产,届时向汾局集团提供焦炭和其他提取物,安泰集团答应一定准时到货。对于宏观煤化厂和安泰集团的合同,汾局集团也知晓。后由于相关政策出台,原煤价格大幅上调,安泰无法在短期内凑足资金开采原煤,耽误了向宏观煤化厂的交货时间,致使宏观煤化厂也无法向汾局集团交货,损失惨重。对此,下列表述正确的是( )

A.安泰集团基于不可抗力对宏观煤化厂免责

B.汾局集团可以在宏观煤化厂和安泰集团各选其一要求承担违约责任

C.安泰集团应赔偿宏观煤化厂由于不能向汾局集团按时交货所失去的利益

D.安泰集团仅需按照商业惯例赔偿迟延交付所应承担的违约责任

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 本题所考查的主要是违约责任中所涉及的相关问题。《合同法》第107条规定:“当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。”在本题中,安泰集团没有按照合同向宏观煤化厂提供原煤,应向其承担违约责任;同时,宏观煤化厂无法向汾局集团交货,对其也应承担违约责任。 所谓不可抗力,依据我国法律的精神,是指不能预见、不能避免并不能划艮的客观情况,《民法通则》第107条规定;“因不可抗力不能履行合同或者造成他人损害的,不承担民事责任,法律另有规定的除外。”在本题中,由于相关政策出台,原煤价格大幅上调,安泰无法在短期内凑足资金开采原煤,一般认为,这属于正常的商业风险,将其认定为不可抗力是对抗辩事由的滥用,将导致法律关系的不稳定。因此,安泰集团不能基于此免责,选项A是错误的。 另一方面,合同具有相对性,即合同只对缔约当事人具有法律约束力,对合同关系以外的第三人不产生法律约束力,具体表现在,除合同当事人外,任何其他人不得请求享有合同权利,任何人不必承担合同责任。在本题中,汾局集团的合同当事人为宏观煤化厂,因此,当其不履行合同义务给对方造成损害时,汾局集团只能要求宏观煤化厂承担责任,而不能将与其没有合同关系的安泰集团牵扯进来。因此,选项B认为“汾局集团可以在宏观煤化厂和安泰集团各选其一要求承担违约责任”是错误的,不应当选。 《合同法》第113条规定:“当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定,给对方造成损失的,损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失,包括合同履行后可以获得的利益,但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失。”因此,在我国,违约责任所导致的赔偿包括因违约行为所造成的财产的直接减少,以及因违约行为而失去的利益两部分,但利益的赔偿应采取可预见原则。在本题中,宏观煤化厂在订立合同时已经告知安泰集团,将在月末全面生产,届时向汾局集团提供焦炭和其他提取物,因此,安泰集团对其违约将导致宏观煤化厂利益的减少可以预见,应该予以赔偿。所以,选项C是正确的,选项D是错误的。

问答题 案例分析题
阅读理解

Every once in a while, it is necessary to take a step back in order to take a long, hard look at where we are in our lives. At this point, it is good to ask yourself a bunch of critical questions. Are you at the point in your career where you want to be ? Have you so far accomplished all of your goals in life ? If so, then maybe it is time to make goals that stretch yourself a bit more. If you have not accomplished your goals in life, then perhaps you have made the mistake of setting too many goals or trying to accomplish them at an unnaturally fast pace.

It is necessary to set reasonable, intelligent goals in order to succeed in life. Do not be unrealistic because life is not a fairy tale. But you should try to recognize what you want, and to be as specific as possible when attempting to visualize(形象化) or otherwise express what your goals in life are.

In order for a goal to sufficiently motivate you, it needs to be a major one. The bigger your goals are, then the more motivated you will need to be to work towards accomplishing them. If you want, for example, to be the greatest concert pianist, in the world, then you are going to find yourself a lot more motivated than you would be if your goal were merely to, say, play a couple of Beethoven pieces extremely well. If you are a beginner, then no doubt mastering those tough songs is a very intelligent and realistic goal to set. But if that is your only goal as a pianist, then you will stop growing as a pianist once that goal has been achieved. This is why it is necessary to constantly stop and re-evaluate our goals so that we are aware of what they are, and thus stay motivated.

小题1:From the passage, if your goals have all been achieved, you should then ______.

A.ask yourself some serious questions

B.take a hard look at your success

C.set some other intelligent goals

D.stretch yourself to relax小题2:By saying “life is not a fairy tale”, the author suggests that you should ________ .

A.set as big a goal as possible

B.try hard to realize your dream

C.make your goals practical

D.abandon all your ambitions小题3: To perform several Beethoven pieces well is a goal that _______.

A.is not suitable for the pianist

B.is appropriate for a beginner

C.stops you from growing as a pianist

D.is very easy to achieve小题4:What is the best title for the passage ?

A.Set Intelligent Goals for Yourself

B.Try to Accomplish Your Goals

C.Get Yourself More Motivated

D.Goals Help You to Succeed