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问题 选择题

2003年1月5日，在太空遨游了92圈的“神舟”四号飞船顺利回收。在“神舟”四号上，我国科学家首次在太空进行了用于“生物大分子和细胞的空间分离提纯”的电泳实验。下列有关电泳的叙述不正确的是（ ）

A．电泳就是指电子在水中游泳

B．电泳可以用于某些物质的分离和提纯

C．胶体微粒具有较大的表面积，能吸附阳离子或阴离子，故在电场作用下会产生电泳现象

D．氢氧化铁胶体电泳时，其胶体微粒向阳极移动

答案

AD

在电流的作用下，胶体离子作定向移动，A不正确。氢氧化铁胶体的胶粒带正电荷，向阴极移动，D不正确，BC都是正确的，答案选AD。

问答题

(46) It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. (47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood."
There is, however, a "remarkable range "of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters 11 more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. (50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.
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单项选择题

乙型脑炎时出现（）。

A．凝固性坏死

B．干酪样坏死

C．液化性坏死

D．溶解坏死
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