问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面这首唐诗,然后回答问题。

西塞山怀古

刘禹锡

王濬楼船下益州,金陵王气黯然收。

千寻铁锁沉江底,一片降幡出石头。

人世几回伤往事,山形依旧枕寒流。

今逢四海为家日,故垒萧萧芦荻秋。

注:①西塞山:三国时吴国的西部要塞。②王濬:西晋龙骧 * * ,建造大型战船以伐吴。③往事:这里指东吴和六朝破亡的历史。④四海为家:指国家统一。

(1)这首诗开头四句叙述“王濬伐吴”这一史实,运用了什么手法?试作简要分析。

答:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

(2)这首诗结尾一句写景起到了怎样的作用?请作简要赏析。

答:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

答案

 (1)运用了对比手法,一“下”一“收”,一“沉”一“出”,写出了吴国的“金陵王气”在王濬大军摧枯拉朽般的攻势之下不堪一击的这一段历史。诗人借用典故,怀古慨今,暗示江山一统、四海一家是历史的必然这样的主题思想。

(2)诗人以景衬情,感慨不尽之意寄于言外。往日的军事堡垒西塞山,如今已荒废在一片秋风芦荻之中,破败荒凉的西塞山恰似那些割据一方的藩镇,最终逃脱不了灭亡的命运。其讽刺入木三分,而诗人对割据一方的藩镇势力的警告可谓义正辞严。

(1)首先弄清楚整首诗歌的意思:西晋时的楼船自成都东下,金陵帝王瑞气全都黯然收煞。吴国千寻铁链也被烧沉江底,一片投降白旗金陵城头悬挂。人间有几回兴亡的伤心往事,高山依旧枕着寒流没有变化。从此四海为家过着太平日子,故垒萧条长满芦荻秋风飒飒。清楚意思以后,很清楚的,首联、颔联两联是把西晋和东吴的两边情况进行对举,意在突出西晋的强大、威武和东吴的衰败、萎顿,作者用对比的方法,作者连用“下”“收”“沉”“出”几个动词绝妙而又简洁的到处东吴当年不堪一击的颓败之势。这样写一是表现王濬的神武,东吴的昏聩,也是含蓄道出四海一体,得民心者的天下的历史真理。这道题要答出手法,分析手法的落脚点、目的、效果。

(2)尾联写景无非是想寄无尽、未尽之意于景象之中,起到言已尽而意无穷的效果。就这首诗而言,作者寓情于景,将无尽感慨写进景色之中:“今逢四海为家日”,虽然表面上还维持着统一的局面,但是几代皇帝都宠信宦官,排挤忠臣。藩镇割据愈演愈烈。如诗人认为,这种情势若继续维持下去,必然要加速衰败,重蹈历史的覆辙。所以“故垒萧萧芦荻秋”大概将会成为唐王朝未来的真实写照。后人会和此时的诗人一样面对前朝的故垒遗迹,在一片秋风芦荻的摇曳之中而伤心叹喟。此一句在内容上则深化了诗的主题思想,在感情上和前面的“人世几回伤往事”紧密地联系在一起。

单项选择题
单项选择题

People can get emotional about immigration. Bill O’Reilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. O’Reilly raged, those girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O’ Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as" a sin".

President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Democratic Congress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegals who have already snuck in.

The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners and hotel cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year.

And the controversial part of Mr. Bush’s immigration package--allowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legal -- is still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans, are split on the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard- working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born.

Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. The Senate is expected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and" much bigger" fines for employers who hire them before they do.

The biggest hurdle, however, may be the Democrats’ reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there is a selfish as well as a moral argument for making a deal.

The underlined word "misdemeanours" (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by ()

A. severe crimes

B. homicide

C. misbehaviors

D. nonsense doings